Lecture 1: History

Question 1

Plato

Answer 1

• nativist
  reality resides in representations - they are not concrete, reality resides in the mind
• not through observations, but throw logical analysis

Question 2

Empiricist

Answer 2

• not born with innate skills
• learn through experience, sensation and natural development
• start as a blank slate

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

• empiricist

- reality lies in the concrete ( not abstract)

Question 4

Rene Descartes

Answer 4

• cogito ergo sum
  dualism: mind and body are separate
• nativist, reationalist (reason and knowledge)

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

• tabula rosa

- humans learn through experience

Question 6

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 6

• established psych lab

- structuralism

Question 7

structurlism

Answer 7

overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience
- basic levels of sensation

Question 8

William James

Answer 8

• wrote first texbook of psychology
• did not test any of his hypotheses
• deals with a lot of introspection

Question 9

Franciscus Donders

Answer 9

• wanted to look at mental chronometry - braintime
• measured reaction time
• one of the first psychologists to use behaviour to study the mind
• first to illustrate mental responses

Question 10

Donders Experiment: Reaction Time and Forced Choice

Answer 10

FIRST CHOICED SHOWED THAT MENTAL RESPONSE PRODUCED A BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE

Question 11

Ebbinghaus

Answer 11

interested in memory and forgetting
- nonsense syllables
memorize all syllables
see how he memorized
- tested himself again 
- learn, delay, relearn paradigm
- quantity memory as a function of behaviour

Question 12

Behaviourism

Answer 12

s

Question 13

Thorndike’s Law of effect and foundations of operant conditioning

Answer 13

bad: avoid

good, do again

Question 14

John Watson

Answer 14

• supported the idea of behaviourism
• found that introspection produced variable results and difficult to verify
• rejected analytic introspection

Question 15

Little Albert

Answer 15

s

Question 16

Skinner - Operant Conditoning

Answer 16

have punishments, have reinforcers

Question 17

Difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

• classical conditioning ahs involuntary behaviour response and passive learning activity
• operant conditioning has voluntary behaviour response and active learning activity

Question 18

Tolman - cognitive map

Answer 18

• mental images and representations
• canimals can use cognitive map
• done with rat

Question 19

Cherry’s Dichotic Listening

Answer 19

• selectively attend while selectively ignored
• filtering
• hone in
• focus

Question 20

Hull

Answer 20

Stimulus produces a response when they make an association

Question 21

Estes

Answer 21

Stimullus Sampling theory

- you sample a part of a stimulus and have a response

Question 22

Estes: Stimulus sampling theory, second trial

Answer 22

many features you associate with stimulus now and thus create more associations

Question 23

The information processing approach

Answer 23

thinking of the mind as a computer`

Question 24

Siomon and Newell - symbol manipulation models

Answer 24

every representation is a symbol

- collective things make up an idea

Question 25

connectionists models

Answer 25

- based on distributed representations | ie, golden retrievver, dog, cocker spaniel --> overlap

Question 26

D.O. Hebb

Answer 26

behaviour and mental phenomena could be directly related to brain activity and inspired neurogiology

Question 27

Nativist

Answer 27

people born with skills hardwired into their brain | - skills grow as you mature, but you have them from birth