Lecture 1- Intro

Question 1

What is MOA

Answer 1

Mechanism of Action: a cell signaling system or process that is impacted by a drug through its interaction with a specific target molecule

Question 2

Drug (ligand)

Answer 2

substance that causes change in biological function through its chemical actions

Question 3

Receptor

Answer 3

Macromolecule (target molecule) in membrane or inside cell that binds with a drug molecule

Question 4

MOA

Answer 4

process by which a drug functions to produce a pharmacological effect
Drug–> ligand–> receptor–> response (pharm effect)

Question 5

What are the two mechanisms of a drug molecule?

Answer 5

Agonist: activator
Antagonist: inhibitor-when binds to a receptor

Question 6

Appropriate requirements for drug response

Answer 6

Size
Electrical charge
Shape
Atomic composition

Question 7

1 used nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor

Answer 7

aspirin (acetacylic acid: agonist/inhibitor)

Question 8

What are the 3 major types of chemical forces/bonds

Answer 8

covalent (strong)
electrostatic (ionic)
hydrophobic (weak)

Question 9

Drug selectivity

Answer 9

degree to which a drug acts on a given site relative to other sites

Question 10

3 types of drug selectivity

Answer 10

Relatively nonselective drugs: affect many different tissues or organs (atroprine)

Relatively selective drugs: affect targeted areas (NSAIDs ie aspirin/ibuprofen)

Highly selective drugs: affect a single organ or system (digoxin/sleep aids)

Question 11

Poisons

Answer 11

Drugs that have almost exclusively harmful effects (ie Warfarin for blood thinner and rat poison)

Question 12

Drugs that can be synthesized within the body

Answer 12

Hormones

Question 13

Toxins

Answer 13

Poisons of biological origin, synthesized by plants or animals

Question 14

Inorganic poisons

Answer 14

Poisons such as lead or arsenic

Question 15

Chiral

Answer 15

4 unique attachments to a molecule, and make up more than half of all useful drugs

Question 16

Racemic mixtures

Answer 16

S & R isomers within drug with one usually being active and the other inactive
(enantomiers)

Question 17

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 17

Study of magnitude and variation of drug responses.

Question 18

What does pharmacodynamics involve?

Answer 18

receptor binding
post-receptor effects
chemical interactions

Question 19

Biodisposition

Answer 19

Processes of metabolism and excretion

Question 20

Different drug actions of Pharmacokinetics

Answer 20

Movement of drugs in body, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Question 21

Patient related factors influencing PK

Answer 21

age, race, individual physiology, weight, etc.

Question 22

PK-PD relationship

Answer 22

PK: Dose–> Concentration vs. Time
PD: Effect vs. Concentration
Dose–> Effect vs. Time

Question 23

Half-life

Answer 23

Time for 50% of drug to be eliminated from body

Question 24

What is off-label drug use?

Answer 24

When the indication, dose, or form of a drug is not FDA approved to treat an illness or symptoms

Question 25

Chemical name

Answer 25

Atomic or molecular structure of the drug

Question 26

Generic

Answer 26

official name

Question 27

Brand

Answer 27

(proprietary or trademark or trade) name

Question 28

Prototype Drug

Answer 28

A drug that typifies the most important characteristics of the group of drugs

Question 29

-cilllin

Answer 29

penicillins (antibiotics)

Question 30

-olol

Answer 30

B-blockers

Question 31

-mab

Answer 31

monoclonal antibodies (-mumab= fully humanized) (-zumab= antigen binding region from a mouse antibody) (-ximab= chimeric with human and mouse parts) (-omab= entirely mouse)

Question 32

Indications

Answer 32

What shows that the drug is for treatment

Question 33

Contraindications

Answer 33

Should not use due to potential harmful effects

Question 34

Black box

Answer 34

Should not give this drug to those in the black box group