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Introduction to Computing > Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer Concepts and History of Computers > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction to Computer Concepts and History of Computers Flashcards

1
Q

an electronic device that takes data, process the data
according to a series of instruction

A

COMPUTER

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2
Q

called program and produces information

A

COMPUTER

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3
Q

an electronic device capable of performing mathematical and
logical operations.

A

COMPUTER

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4
Q

an electronic system designed to manipulate data.

A

COMPUTER

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5
Q

series of instruction that a computer must follow in order to process data into information.

A

PROGRAM

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6
Q

ENUMERATE: Capabilities of Computers

A
  1. It has the ability to perform mathematical and logical
    operation.
  2. It has the ability to store or remember a great amount and
    variety of information and retrieve or recall the information
    needed almost instantly.
  3. It has the ability to handle large volume of repetitive tasks
    accurately over long period of time.
  4. It can communicate with its operators and other machines.
  5. It has the ability to control error and check itself.
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7
Q

ENUMERATE: Limitations of Computers

A
  1. The computer functions only when input and the necessary
    instructions to process the information have been provided
    by a human being.
  2. It can detect but generally cannot correct inaccurate entry
    by itself.
  3. It is subject to occasional breakdown or computer
    malfunction because of power failures, computer failure,
    humidity, temperature and maintenance time.
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8
Q

ENUMERATE: Characteristics of Computers

A
  1. MACHINE
  2. ELECTRONIC
  3. AUTOMATIC
  4. MANIPULATE DATA
  5. MEMORY
  6. LOGIC FUNCTIONS
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9
Q

Computers can be used in:

A
  1. BUSINESS
  2. HOME
  3. ENTERTAINMENT
  4. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
  5. MILITARY
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10
Q

ENUMERATE: Benefits of Computers

A
  1. Storing or memorizing large amount of information.
  2. Quickly recalling a single piece of information.
  3. Rapidly performing a series of sequential tasks.
  4. Carrying out a specific action based on sensor reading or
    other quantifiable information.
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11
Q

ENUMERATE: Types of Computers

A
  1. Mainframes
  2. Personal Computers
    * Desktop Computers
    * Laptop Computers
  3. Tablet PCs
  4. Media Centre
  5. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
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12
Q

considered as the 1st manual data processing device

A

ABACUS

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13
Q

developed in China in __________ and performs arithmetic calculations

A

ABACUS; 12TH CENTURY A.D.

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14
Q

developed by a Scottish mathematician John Napier, obtain products & quotients of large numbers

A

NAPIER’S BONES

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15
Q

NAPIER’S BONES is developed by?

A

SCOTTISH MATHEMATICIAN JOHN NAPIER

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16
Q

arithmetic operations could be done by simply sliding the
rulers

A

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE

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17
Q

OUGHTRED’S SLIDE RULE is invented by ___________ in 17th century

A

WILLIAM OUGHTRED

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18
Q

could add & subtract numbers up to 8 digits

A

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR

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19
Q

PASCAL’S CALCULATOR is developed by a _______ mathematician ____________ in
1645

A

French; BLAISE PASCAL

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20
Q

it utilized the same techniques for addition & subtraction as
Pascal’s device but could also perform multiplication, division
& square root

A

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR

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21
Q

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR is invented by _____________ in ____

A

GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ; 1694

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22
Q

developed by Charles Babbage, the Father of Modern Computer. It is not because of the machine he build but rather his ideas became the basis for modern computation devices

A

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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23
Q

BABBAGE ANALYTICAL ENGINE
designed to use 2 types of cards:

A

VARIABLE CARDS AND OPERATION CARDS

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24
Q

worked with Babbage & considered as the First
Programmer

A

AUGUSTA ADA BYRON

25
considered as the 1st commercially successful data processing machine.
HOLLERITH'S PUNCHED CARD MACHINE
26
Hollerith’s Punched Card Machine is developed by a statistician named __________ in ____
HERMAN HOLLERITH; 1880
27
Hollerith made a census machine used by the ___________________ in _____
US BUREAU OF CENSUS
27
Founder of Boolean Algebra in ______
GEORGE BOOLE
28
Created of _______________ in ________ the General Purpose Programmable Computer
ALAN TURING; 1930s
29
John Atanasoff creates ?
FIRST ELECTRONIC DIGITAL PURPOSE COMPUTER/ ATANASOFF BERRY COMPUTER
30
Introduced the concept of debugging or finding errors in 1940
GRACE HOPPER
31
the first programmable general-purpose electronic digital computer
ENIAC/ ELECTRONICS NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER
32
introduced stored-program architecture
EDVAC/ ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER
33
First operational electronic computer in the UK, inspired by ENIAC
EDSAC/ ELECTRONIC DELAY STORAGE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER
34
introduced the computer simulation
STANISLAW ULAM
35
introduced the microprocessor chip in 1960s
TED HOFF
36
The co-founders of the Microsoft Corporation that starts from 1970s
PAUL ALLEN AND WILLIAM HOWARD(BILL GATES)
37
proposed/invented the World Wide Web (www) in 1980s
TIM BERNERS-LEE
38
ENUMERATE: Computer Classifications
1. ACCORDING TO AGE AND COMPONENT 2. ACCORDING TO SIZE 3. ACCORDING TO OPERATION 4. ACCORDING TO APPLICATION 5. ACCORDING TO DESIGN
39
ENUMERATE: According to age and component generations (Generation and Components)
1. First Generation: Vacuum Tubes 2. Second Generation: Transistors 3. Third Generation: Integrated Circuits 4. Forth Generation: MSI/LSI (Medium Scale Integration/Large Scale Integration) 5. Fifth Generation: AI (Artificial Intelligence)
40
* slow * expensive * fragile * very large
Vacuum Tubes
41
* much simpler * much smaller * much cheaper * more reliable * no warm up * much faster
Transistors
42
* miniaturization added to all the existing benefits * enabled un-thought of possibilities
Integrated Circuits
43
* making computers behave like humans * Games Playing, Expert Systems, Natural Language, Neural Networks, Robotics:
Artificial Intelligence
44
ENUMERATE: According to Size
1. Mainframes 2. Minicomputers 3. Microcomputers
45
used to describe large computers. It can process large amount of data at very high speed, hold up to millions of characters in its storage and support many input, output, and storage devices.
Mainframes
46
relatively smaller and slower computers compared to mainframe.
Minicomputers
47
typically fits a desktop. Inside of it is microprocessor, which has control capability for memory and I/O access, and which contains an arithmetic logic unit all on a single, chip less than one quarter of an inch square.
Microcomputers
48
ENUMERATE: According to Operation
1. Digital Computers 2. Analog Computers 3. Hybrid Computers
49
operates essentially on the basis of distinct (discrete) “on” and “off” states which can be represented by 1’s and 0’s referred to as binary digits
Digital Computers
50
operate by measuring continuous physical or electrical magnitudes such as pressure, current, voltage, length or shaft rotations
Analog Computers
51
combination of the desirable qualities of the analog and digital computers
Hybrid Computers
52
ENUMERATE: According to Applications
1. Scientific Computers 2. Business Computers
53
computers that can manipulate numbers according to sophisticated formulas and keep track of the results to several decimal places
Scientific Computers
54
computers that usually handle large volumes of data for input, perform simple calculations like addition and subtraction and print vast number of reports
Business Computers
55
ENUMERATE: According to Design
1. General Purpose Computers 2. Special Purpose Computers
56
designed to perform a variety of operations by simply changing instructions
General Purpose Computers
57
built for specific operation and usually satisfies the needs for a particular type of problem
Special Purpose Computers

Introduction to Computing (5 decks)

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