Lecture 4: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Flashcards by Trocken Zeit

The operating system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow you to use your computer

System Software

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Enables the boot process, launches applications, transfers
files, controls hardware configuration, manages files on the
hard drive, and protects from unauthorized use

System Software

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Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a
computer

Application Software

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Word processing, playing games, browsing the Web,
listening to music, etc.

Application Software

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A collection of programs that manage and
coordinate the activities taking place within a
computer

Operating System

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Acts as an intermediary between the user and
the computer and between the application
programs and system hardware

Operating System

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ENUMERATE: Functions of an Operating System

Interfacing the use (GUI)
Boot the computer
Configuring Device
Managing Network Connections
Managing and Monitoring Resources and Jobs
File Management
Security

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ENUMERATE: Processing Techniques for Increased
Efficiency

Multitasking
Multithreading
Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing
Buffering and Spooling
Memory Management

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The ability of an operating system to have more than one
program (task) open at one time

Multitasking

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CPU rotates between tasks
● Switching is done quickly
● Appears as though all programs executing at the same
time

Multitasking

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The ability to rotate between multiple threads so that
processing is completed faster and more efficiently

Multithreading

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Sequence of instructions within a program that is
independent of other thread

Thread

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Multiple processors (or multiple cores) are used in one
computer system to perform work more efficiently

Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing

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Tasks are performed sequentially

Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing

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Task are performed one right after the other

Sequential Processing

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Multiple task are perform at the same time

Simultaneous Processing

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Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)

Memory Management

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Memory-management technique that uses hard drive
space as additional RAM

Virtual Memory

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Area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold data that is used by
different hardware devices or programs

Buffer

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Placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device
when needed

Buffering/ Spooling

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Require users to input commands using the
keyboard

Command Line Interface

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Graphics based interface
Used by most operating systems

Graphical User Interface

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DIfference of Operating Systems:

CLI and GUI

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Categories of Operating Systems

Personal (Desktop) Operating System
Server (Network) Operating System
Mobile and Embedded Operating System

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Designed to be installed on a single computer

Personal (Desktop) Operating System

Designed to be installed on a network server

Server (Network) Operating System

Client computers still use a personal operating system

Server (Network) Operating System

controls access to network resources

Server (Network) Operating System

First 32-bit version of Windows designed for high-end workstations and servers

Windows NT

Replaced by Windows 2000

Windows NT

Replaced both Windows 2000 and Windows Me

Windows XP

Replaced Windows XP ● Introduced the Aero interface and Sidebar feature

Windows Vista

● Released in late 2009 ● Home Premium (primary version for home users) ● Professional (primary version for businesses) ● Libraries feature gives you virtual folders

Windows 7

Designed to be used with smartphones, desktop computers, with or without a keyboard or mouse ● Supports multi-touch input ● Includes Start screen, tiles, and charms bar

Windows 8

Replaced Windows 8 and 8.1 ● Includes new Start menu, Microsoft Edge, Cortana, Multiple desktops and Task view, Action Center and Tablet mode

Windows 10

Current version of Windows

Windows 11

On _____Windows 11 was announced as the successor to Windows 10 during a livestream. The new operating system was designed to be more user-friendly and understandable. It was released on _______________.

June 24, 2021; October 5, 2021

True/False: Windows 11 will be a free upgrade to all Windows 10 users.

True

The version of Windows designed for server use ● ____________ is the latest version ● Supports both virtualization and cloud computing

Windows Server 2012

● Preinstalled on home server devices ● Designed to provide services for a home network ● Can be set up to back up all devices in the home on a regular basis

Windows Home Server

Proprietary operating system for computers made by Apple Corporation

MacOS

Based on the UNIX operating system

MacOS

Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces

MacOS

Operating system developed in the late 1960s for midrange servers

UNIX

● Multiuser, multitasking operating system ● More expensive, requires high level of technical knowledge; harder to install, maintain, and upgrade

UNIX

Linux Developed by _____________ in 1991—resembles UNIX but was developed independently

Linus Torvalds

Is open-source software; has been collaboratively modified by volunteer programmers all over the world ● Originally used a command line interface, most recent versions use a GUI

Linux

Strong support from mainstream companies, such as IBM, NVIDIA, HP, Dell, and Novell and cost efficient

Linux

most widely used linux operating system

Ubuntu

The first cloud operating system

Chrome OS

Replaces traditional desktop operating systems ●Is currently only available preinstalled on Chrome devices

Chrome OS

Latest version of Windows designed for smartphones

Windows Phone

___________ is based on the Windows 8 operating system

Windows Phone 8

Designed primarily for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers

Windows RT

Designed for tablet use

Windows Embedded

● Linux-based operating system created with current mobile device capabilities in mind

Android

● Can create applications that take full advantage of all the features a mobile device has to offer

Android

Android is open platform ● Current version is _____________

Android 14

Devices support multitasking, multiple cores, NFC mobile payment transactions, Internet phone calls

Android

Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices

iOS

Current version is iOS__

iOS 18

Supports multitasking ● Includes Safari Web browser, the Siri intelligent assistant, Facetime video calling, AirDrop to send items to others, and apps for email, messaging, music, and search

iOS

● Designed for Blackberry devices

Blackberry OS/ Blackberry Playbook OS

Creator of Blackberry OS

Blackberry Limited

Other mobile operating systems based on Linux besides Android and iOs ● Ubuntu, webOS, Firefox OS, and Tizen

Mobile Linux

● Software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing or maintaining the computer system

Utility Program

Many utilities are built into operating systems (for finding files, viewing images, backing up files, etc.)

Utility Program

Utilities are also available as stand-alone products and as suites

Utility Program

Designed to search for documents and other files on the user’s hard drive

Search Tools

Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as: ● Looking at the contents of a storage medium ● Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders ● Deleting files and folders

File Management Program

File management program in Windows 8 is__________

File Explorer

____________ evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found ____________________ diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive

Diagnostic Programs; Disk Management Programs

Uninstall utilities remove programs from your hard drive without leaving bits and pieces behind ● Important to properly uninstall programs, not just delete them

Uninstall and Cleanup Utilities

Software use to temp delete a file

Recycle Bin

Reduce the size of files to optimize storage space and transmission time

File Compression Programs

WinZip and Stuffit

Make the backup and restoration process easier

Backup and Recovery Utilities

protect computers and users and it is essential that all computer users protect themselves and their computers

●Antivirus, Antispyware, Firewalls, and Other Security Programs

Example of Antivirus

Avast, Windows Defender and etc.

Utility Programs

Uninstall and Cleanup Utilities File Compression Programs Backup and Recovery Utilities Antivirus, Antispyware, Firewalls, and Other Security Programs