Lecture 1 Key Terms

Question 1

What makes lesions white?

Answer 1

1. Thicker Surface (more keratinized tissue on epithelial surface)
2. Thicker Epithelium (increase thickness of the prickle layer)
3. Edematous cells

examples include pseudomembranous candidiasis (wipeable), leukoedema, leukoplakias with dysplastic changes, or lichen planus

Question 2

What makes a lesion red?

Answer 2

1. Thin epithelium (epithelial atrophy)

2. Increase in the submucosal blood vessels (hemangioma)

Question 3

Features of an intra-oral soft tissue lesion

Answer 3

1. Color
2. Relationship to surrounding mucosa
3. Number/Pattern/Location/Distribution

Question 4

What is an oral ulcer?

Answer 4

Look for surface topography: may be subtle b/c ulcers can be superficial
Ulcers (especially chronic ulcers) are typically tan in color because of the fibrin pseudomembrane

Question 5

Define: Papule

Answer 5

solid elevated lesion measuring <5 mm diameter

ex. Lymphoepithelial cyst

Question 6

Define: Nodule

Answer 6

solid elevated lesion measuring >5mm but <2cms diameter

ex. Irritation fibroma

Question 7

Define: Tumor

Answer 7

solid elevated lesion measuring >2cm diameter

Question 8

Define: Plaque

Answer 8

solid elevated lesion measuring >5mm diameter and is almost flat

ex. Leukoplakia

Question 9

Define: Vesicle

Answer 9

fluid filled elevated lesion measuring <5mm diameter

ex. Herpes Labialis

Question 10

Define: Bulla

Answer 10

fluid filled elevated lesion measuring >5mm diameter

ex. MMP

Question 11

Define: Pustule

Answer 11

fluid filled elevated lesion measuring 5mm diameter and contains pus

Question 12

Annular

Answer 12

ring-like

Question 13

Atrophic

Answer 13

reduction in thickness

Question 14

Bosselated

Answer 14

covered with small bosses (protuberances) on the surface

Question 15

Corrugated

Answer 15

like folded construction paper (think of a SUN-CHIP)

Question 16

Crusted

Answer 16

dried and flaky

Question 17

Desquamative

Answer 17

sloughing of the epithelium

Question 18

Edematous

Answer 18

swollen

Question 19

Erosive

Answer 19

partial loss of epithelium

Question 20

Erythematous

Answer 20

red

Question 21

Fissured

Answer 21

grooved

Question 22

Fluctuant

Answer 22

In regards to palpation, feeling like it is filled with pus

Question 23

Fixed

Answer 23

In regards to palpation, difficult to move; feels stuck to something. THINK LYMPH NODES

Question 24

Granular

Answer 24

rough/grainy

Question 25

Hairy

Answer 25

hair-like projections

Question 26

Homogenous

Answer 26

same color throughout lesion

Question 27

Indurated

Answer 27

In regards to palpation, feels firm or hard

Question 28

Macerated

Answer 28

frayed appearance

Question 29

Melanotic

Answer 29

dark brown/black pigmentation

Question 30

Necrotic

Answer 30

implies dead tissue

Question 31

Papillary

Answer 31

finger-like projections

Question 32

Pebbled

Answer 32

bumpy

Question 33

Pedunculated

Answer 33

has a stalk

Question 34

Punctate

Answer 34

point-like

Question 35

Reticular

Answer 35

lacy or net-like

Question 36

Serpiginous

Answer 36

wavy or snake-like

Question 37

Sessile

Answer 37

attached by wide base

Question 38

Speckled

Answer 38

mixed color/red&white

Question 39

Spongy

Answer 39

compressible

Question 40

Telangectatic

Answer 40

vascular dilatations

Question 41

Verrucous

Answer 41

wart-like

Question 42

Sensitivity

Answer 42

(also called the true positive rate) measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such (eg the percentage of people with oral cancer/precancer who are correctly identified by the test as having these diseases) True Positive results (TP) divided by true positive plus false negative results (FN) TP/(TP+FN)

Question 43

Specificity

Answer 43

(also called the true negative rate) measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having these diseases) True Negative results (TN) divided by true negative plus false positive results (FP) TN/(TN+FP)

Question 44

Light based adjuncts sensitivity results

Answer 44

Sensitivity 0.90 Meaning...the test rendered a positive result for 90% of those who were diagnosed by histopathology (gold standard) to have the disease (ie any grade of dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma). False negative rate was 10% meaning the light-based adjunct is negative yet the histopathology is positive and you just told your patient they're fine when they actually have disease

Question 45

Light based adjuncts specificity results

Answer 45

Specificity = 0.52 Meaning... the test rendered a negative result for 52% of those who were diagnosed by histopathology (gold standard) to not have the disease (ie neither dysplasia nor squamous cell carcinoma). The False Positive rate was 48% meaning that that you tell the patient the test was positive but in reality they don’t have the disease