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Anatomy & Physiology (Lecture and Readings) > Lecture 1: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

Lecture 1 and chapter 27

1
Q

What is meant by the statement: The female system is cyclical whereas the male system is not.

A

The female system runs on a regular monthly cycle. If fertilization doesn’t occur the cycle resets and starts again; whereas the male reproductive system works continuously in a steady fashion with no cycle.
ie. Women’s fertility window is limited while a man is fertile everyday

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2
Q

The testes are located within

A

The Scrotum

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3
Q

The testes are responsible for:

A
  1. producing sperm
  2. maintain a temperature 3C lower than the body for optimal sperm production
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4
Q

Tunica vaginalis is:

A

two-layered serous membrane surrounding the testes

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5
Q

Tunica albuginea is:

A

the fibrous capsule of the testes

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6
Q

Pampiniform plexus is a

A

blood supply that helps with thermoregulation of the testes to maintain homeostasis

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7
Q

Why is the scrotum located outside of the body?

A

Functions to maintain optimal temperature for Sperm production

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8
Q

What are the muscles that have the abilities to raise the testes into the abdominal cavity?

A

the cremaster muscle (lift testes inside the body when cold)

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9
Q

How does dartos muscle work to maintain appropriate temperature of the testes

A

Dartos muscle contracts in cold and wrinkles the skin of the scrotum reducing the surface area and pulling the testes closer to the body
In heat the muscle relaxes and increases the surface area prmoting heat loss

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10
Q

Why is it critical that the testes maintain a temperature 3 degrees lower than the internal temperature of the body?

A

Maintain optimal temperature for sperm production.

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11
Q

What is the pathway sperm takes to get to the ductus vas deferens?

A
  1. Seminiferous Tubules
  2. Tubules Rectus
  3. Rete Testes
  4. Efferent Ductules
  5. Epididymis
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12
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Location where sperm matures and is stored

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13
Q

What are the 3 sections of the epididymis?

A
  1. Head
  2. Body
  3. Tail
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14
Q

Where does the head of the epididymis receive sperm from?

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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15
Q

Sperm are mature when they get to the epididymis.
True or False

A

False.
Sperm not immature and nonmotile

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16
Q

How many days does it take sperm to transverse the epididymis and gain their ability to swim

A

Approx. 20 days

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17
Q

What happens to the epididymis during ejactulation?

A

smooth muscle walls of the epididymis contract and push sperm from the tail of the epididymis to the vas derferens

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18
Q

Does the epdidymis add any secretions to the sperm?

A

No.
Secretions are added to the sperm by seminal vesicles, the prostate and the bulbourethral

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19
Q

What happens to the sperm that do not get ejaculated after several weeks?

A

They are phagocytized

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20
Q

What is the function of the Ductus (Vas) Deferens?

A

To transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejactulatory duct

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21
Q

The ejactulatory duct passes into the _____ before being expelled into the urethra.

A

Prostate Gland

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22
Q

Describe the secretions produced by the seminal vesicles

A

Excretes a thick yellow fluid that contains: Fructose, Citric acid, coagulating enzymes and prostaglandins.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the secretions produced by the seminal vesicles?

A

Increases sperm motility or fertilizing ability

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24
Q

Describe the secretions produced by the Bulbourethral Gland:

A

produce thick clear mucous

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25
What is the function of the secretions produced by the bulburethral gland?
lubricates the glans penis during sexual excitement
26
Describe the secretions produced prostate gland
Milky white appearance
27
What is the purpose of the secretions produced by the prostate gland
Activate sperm Contains nutrients (citrate) and Prostate Specific Antigens (PSAs)
28
What happens to the prostate gland during ejactulation?
muscles contract and force secretions into the prostatic urethra
29
Explain the Function of the Uretha (2)
Teminal portion of the penis that serves both urinary and reproductive systems
30
Explain the Spongy urethra
Runs through the penis and opens to the outside of the body. It secretes lubricating mucus into the lumen just before ejaculation
31
How is urine prevented from entering the urethra during ejactulation?
The internal sphinchter in the bladder constricts and this prevents urine from leaving the bladder
32
How is semen prevented from entering the bladder
The internal sphinchter in the bladder constricts and this prevents semen from entering the bladder
33
The seminal vesicles contribute ___% of the semen volume
70%
34
What accounts for the yellowing colour of the secretions produced by the seminal vesicle?
Flavin Protein
35
Explain the purpose pf the bulbourethral gland (copwers gland)
pre-cum to help lubricate the urethra and the tip of the penis to make passage of semen smoother during ejaculation. It neutralizes the acidity of the urethra from urine
36
Do the secretions produced by the bulbourethral gland contain sperm?
no - however, it can carry left over sperm from the urethra
37
Explain how the penis is a copulatory organ?
because its main function during sexual intercourse is reproduction by delivering sperm into the vagina
38
External male genitialia consist of?
1. Penis - root - shaft - glans penis 2. Scrotum
39
The internal penis consists of:
1. spongy urethra 2. 3 corpora of erectile tissue 3. 2 corps cavernosa 1. mid ventral corpus spongiosum
40
Describe the function of the Corpus Cavernosa
Allows the penis to fill with blood becoming erect and enabling it to enter the vagina
41
Describe the composition of semen
secretions the provide: 1. transport medium 2. nutrients (fructose, citrate) 3. chemicals (PGs, ATP, Antibiotic) Protects and activates sperm
42
What is the pH of semen
7.2-7.6
43
Why is the pH of semen significant
to neutralize the acidity of the vagina and help sperm survive passge through the female reproductive tract
44
Describe the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
1. the hypothalmus releases GnRH 2. GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitray 3. the anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH 4. FSH and LH act on the gonads to stimulate gamete production and sex hormone secretion
45
What hormone initiates the negative feedback mechanims of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
Inhibin
46
how does inhibin work on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
inhibits FSH stimulation at the pituitray
47
how does the hormone testosterone contribute to the negative feedback mechanism of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
at the anterior pituitary testosterone inhibits LH and FSH At the hypothalamus testosterone inhibits GnRH
48
What is the purpose of the negative feedback mechanims of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
prevents overproduction of testosterone and sperm maintains hormonal balance
49
What is the location of the sertoli cells
inside the seminferous tubules
50
What is the main function of the Sertolic cells?
support and nourish developing sperm
51
Sertoli cells are stimulated by:
FSH
52
Sertoli cells stimulated by FSH stimulate
inhibin
53
What are Sertoli cells role in spermatogenesis?
Directly help sperm develop and mature
54
What is another name for Sertoli cells?
Nurse cells
55
Where are Leydig cells located?
Interstitial space
56
What is the main function of Leydig cells?
produce testosterone
57
Leydig cells are stimulated by:
LH - Lutenizing Hormone
58
The hormone secreted by the Leydig cell is:
Testosterone
59
What is the role of Leydig cells in spermatogenesis?
indirectly supports it by producing testosterone. which is necessary for sperm development
60
What is another name for Leydig cells?
Factory cells
61
What is an easy way to remember how to differentiate Sertoli and Leydig cells?
Sertoli = support (sperm) Leydig = Libido (testosterone)
62
How do Sertoli and Leydig cells work together?
leydig cells produce testosterone (with LH stimulation) and Sertoli cells respond to FSH and testosterine to nurture the sperm cells
63
What are the Gonadal effects of testosterone?
Growth and maturation of gonads and accessory glands essential for spermatogenesis
64
What are the somatic effects of testosterone?
adolescent growth spurts growth of the larynx and vocal cords secretion of sweat hair growth (chest/armpits/face/groin)
65
What are the metabolic effects of testosterone?
Anabolic: hematopoiesis Basal Metabolic Rate
66
What are the CNS effects of testosterone?
Maintenance of libdo aggression
67
The CNS activates the
parasympathetic nervous system.
68
When a male reaches climax (orgasm) what reflex is initiated?
visceral spinal reflex is initiated
69
Ejaculation is followed by
Ejaculation is followed by resolution
70
what is resolution
– a period of muscular and psychological relaxation.
71
During resolution the activation of the sympathetic nerve fibers
constrict penile arterioles reducing blood flow to the penis
72
Penis
. Organ that delivers semen to the ♀ reproductive tract.
73
ductus vas deferens
Passageway for sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
74
Conveys both sperm & urine down length of the penis.
Urethra
75
Organs that contribute to the formation of semen.
prostate gland seminal vesicles
76
External sac that houses the testes
scrotum
77
Cuff of skin encircling the glans penis.
prepuce
78
Surrounds the urethra at the base of bladder; produces a milky, alkaline secretion.
Prostate Glands
79
Produces over half of the seminal fluid.
seminal vesicles
80
Empties a lubricating mucus into the urethra
bulbourethral glands
81
CT sheath enclosing vas deferens, blood vessels & nerves.
spermatic cord

Anatomy & Physiology (Lecture and Readings) (6 decks)

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