Lecture 2: Female Reproductive System & Readings

Question 1

What are the two main things that the ovaries do?

Answer 1

The ovaries produce gametes in females and secrete sex hormones (estrogens and progesterone)

Question 2

What are the female internal genitalia?

Answer 2

The female’s internal genitalia include the ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina).

Question 3

Where is an ovulated Oocyte relreased?

Answer 3

peritoneal cavity

Question 4

What is the most abundant estrogenic hormone in the female reproductive system

Answer 4

estradiol is the most abundant and is most responsible for estrogenic effects in humans.

Question 5

What hormones are produced in the ovaries

Answer 5

estrogen and progesterone

Question 6

Forming gamete are housed in the ____ _____of the ovary

Answer 6

outer cortex

Question 7

The process of ripening follicles being ejected from the ovary is called:

Answer 7

ovulation

Question 8

The internal genitalia of the female reproductive system include:

Answer 8

the ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina).

Question 9

How does the oocyte enter into the fallopian tube

Answer 9

The waving action of the fimbriae and currents created by the beating cilia help to direct the ovulated oocytes into the uterine tube.

Question 10

The female duct system connects directly with the ovary.
True or False

Answer 10

False
The female duct system has little or no actual contact with the ovaries.

Question 11

where is an ovulated oocyte released to?

Answer 11

the peritoneal cavity

Question 12

Where do Fallopian tubes empty?

Answer 12

superior part of the uterus

Question 13

Name the 3 regions of the Uterus.

Answer 13

1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus

Question 14

Explain the role of the infundibulum.

Answer 14

the opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity. It is surrounded by ciliated fingerlike projections called fimbriae that drape over the ovary

Question 15

Explain the role of the Ampulla.

Answer 15

The site where fertilization occurs

Question 16

Explain the role of the isthmus

Answer 16

naorrow third part of the follopian tube that empties into the uterus

Question 17

What happens in the ovary during ovulation?

Answer 17

the Fallopian tube drapes the over and the fimbriae sweep the ovarian surface creating current in the peritoneal surface that brings the oocyte into the fallopian tube

Question 18

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 18

1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

Question 19

What is the role of the myometrium?

Answer 19

Bulky middle layer of smooth mucle that rhythmically contracts during child birth

Question 20

Explain the purpose of the endometrium

Answer 20

mucosa lining of the uterus where an embryo implants and resides for the remainder of its development

Question 21

How many layers of endometrium are there

Answer 21

2

Question 22

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium

Answer 22

1. straum functionalis
2. straum basalis

Question 23

Explain the role of the straum functionalis

Answer 23

undergoes cylical changes in response to blood levels of ovarian hormones and is shed during menstartion

Question 24

Explain the role of the basal layer of the endometrium

Answer 24

forms a new function layer after menstruation ends.

Question 25

what is essential to understand in regards to cyclical changes in the uterus?

Answer 25

vascular supply

Question 26

Explain the vascular supply of the uterus

Answer 26

internal iliac supplies uterine arteries uterine arteries branch into the uterine wall and break up into arcuate arteries within the myometrium arcuate arteries send radial arteries into the endometrium to straight arteries to the basal layer spiral arteries to the functional layer

Question 27

the blood supply to the basal layer of the endometrium is

Answer 27

straight arteries

Question 28

the blood supply to the functional layer of the endometrium is

Answer 28

spiral arteries

Question 29

what happens to spiral arteries in response to changing hormones?

Answer 29

repeatedly degenerate and regenerate causing spasm

Question 30

What causes the functional layer of the endometrium to shed

Answer 30

the spasms of the spiral arteries

Question 31

What is the role of vagina

Answer 31

the female organ of copulation. Receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse provides a passage way for delivery of an infant and menstrual flow

Question 32

What are the 3 layers of the vagina

Answer 32

1. adventitia 2. muscularis 3. inner mucosa

Question 33

What part of the vagina stimulates the penis during sexual intercourse?

Answer 33

inner mucosa - has tranversed ridges

Question 34

There are no glands in the vaginal mucosa True or False

Answer 34

True The vaginal mucosa is lubricated by cervical mucous glands and the mucosal fluid that seeps from the vaginal walls

Question 35

There are constant supplies of bateria in the vagina. True or False

Answer 35

True glycogen is shed into the lumen and is fermented by residential bacterial into lactic acid

Question 36

What is the function of lactid acid in the vaginal?

Answer 36

the acidity helps keep the vaginal healthy and free from infection

Question 37

The acidity of the vaginal has no effect on sperm. true or false

Answer 37

false the acidity of the vagina is hostile to sperm

Question 38

Why are sexually active teenagers more at risk for sexually transmitted infections than adulty females

Answer 38

the vaginal fluid of adolescents is alkaline and therefore less likely to destroy unwanted bacteria

Question 39

what structures make up the vulva (external genitalia) of the female.

Answer 39

1. Mons pubis 2. labia 3. clitoris 4. vestibule

Question 40

the labia major are homologues to what structure on the male?

Answer 40

scrotum because they arise from the same embryonic tissue

Question 41

The labia minor is homologous to what on the male?

Answer 41

spongy urethra of the penis

Question 42

What females structures are located within the vestibule?

Answer 42

external opening of the urethra and the vagina

Question 43

Explain the role of the greater vestibular glans and what are they homologues to on the male

Answer 43

these glands release mucous into the vestibule to keep it moist and lubricated. They are homologues to the bulb-urethral glands of the male

Question 44

What is the clitoris composed of and what is it homologues to in the male

Answer 44

it is composed of erectile tissue and it is homologues to the penis

Question 45

what is the exposed portion of the clitoris called

Answer 45

glans of the clitoris

Question 46

What happens to the clitoris when sexually aroused?

Answer 46

it is richly innervated with nerve endings sensitive to touch. When aroused it becomes swollen with blood

Question 47

Cite similarities and differences between the penis and clitoris.

Answer 47

Both the penis and clitoris are hooded by a skin fold and are largely erectile tissue. However, the clitoris lacks a corpus spongiosum containing a urethra, so the urinary and reproductive systems are completely separate in females.

Question 48

What is the role of granulosa cells in the ovary?

Answer 48

supportive cells that sourround and Nouris the developing oocyte convert androgens from nearby theca cells into estrogen produce inhibin

Question 49

Explain the functions of theca cells

Answer 49

found in the ovary, surrounding the outside of the follicle and produces hormones esstential for reproduction

Question 50

describe the corpus luteum

Answer 50

a temporary gland formed in the ovary after ovulation. the granulosa and theca cells transform into a hormone producing structure

Question 51

what is the role of the corpus luteum

Answer 51

to secrete progesterone, estrogen and inhibin

Question 52

If there is no pregnancy what happens to the corpus luteum

Answer 52

it degenerates into a small white scar known as corpus albicans. Causing the drop in progesterone which triggers mensturation

Question 53

what happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does occur?

Answer 53

the corpus letuem is rescued by hCG from the embryo and sticks around for the first trimester to continue to secrete progesterone and maintain the uterine lining

Question 54

What happens to the corpus luteum when the placenta takes over hormone production?

Answer 54

it fades away