Lecture 1 - Nomenclature

Question 1

Macule

Answer 1

Discrete, flat area distinguished by color from surrounding tissue

Question 2

Plaque

Answer 2

Broad, flat, raised lesion

Question 3

Papule

Answer 3

Small, circumscribed, elevated lesion < 0.5cm in diameter

Question 4

Nodule

Answer 4

Large, circumscribe, elevated lesion, > 0.5cm in diameter

Question 5

Vesicle

Answer 5

Small, elevated, fluid-filled, < 0.5cm in diameter

Question 6

Bulla

Answer 6

Large, elevated, fluid-filled (usually serous), > 0.5cm in diameter

Question 7

Hematoma

Answer 7

circumscribed, blood-filled lesion

Question 8

Pustule

Answer 8

Circumscribed, pus-filled lesion

Question 9

Ulcer

Answer 9

overlying epithelium has been lost, often covered by fibrin membrane, yellow color

Question 10

Sessile

Answer 10

Broad, flat base wider than top, like a brimmed hat

Question 11

Pedunculated

Answer 11

stem or stalk-like base

Question 12

Erythema

Answer 12

Abnormal redness of skin or mucosa

Question 13

Pallor

Answer 13

Abnormal paleness of skin or mucosa

Question 14

Papillary

Answer 14

Lesion showing small surface projections

Question 15

Verrucous

Answer 15

Lesion with roughened surface, broader surface projections than papillary

Question 16

Fissure

Answer 16

Deep cleft or groove

Question 17

Coalesce

Answer 17

Fusion of parts to make a whole

Question 18

Radiolucent

Answer 18

Black or dark areas on a radiograph

Question 19

Radioopaque

Answer 19

Light or white areas on a radiograph

Question 20

Unilocular

Answer 20

One well defined compartment

Question 21

Multilocular

Answer 21

Soap bubble appearance, multiple compartments

Question 22

Well-circumscribed

Answer 22

Margins are clearly defined

Question 23

Poorly circumscribed

Answer 23

Margins are ill defined

Question 24

Corticated

Answer 24

Lesion with a well-defined radio opaque border

Question 25

Tumor Grading

Answer 25

``` Dysplasia - deranged development Well differentiated Moderately differentiated Poorly differentiated Undifferentiated (anaplastic) ```

Question 26

Tumor

Answer 26

New growth

Question 27

Neoplasm

Answer 27

Monoclonal cellular proliferation

Question 28

Benign

Answer 28

localized growth, encapsulated, may be locally aggressive, incapable of metastasis

Question 29

Malignant

Answer 29

Lesions which may invade and destroy surrounding tissues, capable of spread to distant sites

Question 30

Naming benign tumors

Answer 30

Add "-oma" - oma = surface origin - adenoma = glandular origin

Question 31

Naming malignant tumors

Answer 31

Add "-carcinoma" to epithelial tumors Add "-sarcoma" to mesenchymal tumors -carcinoma = surface origin -adenocarcinoma = glandular origin