Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surgery 3 > Lecture 1: Orthopedic Exam & Diagnostic Tools (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Orthopedic Exam & Diagnostic Tools (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 dx test that are specific for dx lameness

A
  • Gait analysis
  • Visual inspection of body & conformation
  • Palpate
  • Lacalization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should be asked/found out during Hx

A
  • General& presenting complaint
  • Anorexia, fever, depression?
  • What leg & how severe
  • When 1st noticed? Acute v. chronic
  • Progression & response to meds?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of questions should be asked when taking Hx

A

Open ended questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: You should switch up how you do a complete PE everytime

A

False; keep it the same everytime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is proprioception

A
  • Knowing where a part of the body is in space
  • Putting my arm behind my back (know that it is behind my back)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is normal proprioception

A

When you flip the paw onto the metacarpus/tarsal region and they flip it back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is abnorm proprioception

A
  • Px doesn’t know where limb is placed
  • Px knows where limb is placed but can’t correct
  • PX knows where limb is placed but is unwilling to correct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where should you perform a gait analysis

A
  • On the floor w/ traction
  • Examine w/ owners NOT present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What gaits should be analyzed

A
  • Walk
  • Trot
  • Pace
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe a norm walk

A

2,3, or 4 legs support @ any one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a norm trot

A
  • Body is supported by 2 legs on opp sides (contralateral)
  • Most impt gait to eval lameness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a norm pace

A

limbs of the same side (ipsilateral) sym support the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Evaluate the gait towards & away from you

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should you see if there is forelimb lameness

A
  • “head bob”
  • Head lifts when lame leg bears weight
  • Head drops when weight bearing on norm limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should you see if there is hindlimb lameness

A
  • Stride length shortened on lame leg
  • Norm limb reaches forward faster than lame leg
  • Oscillating motion during locomotion (towards the norm side)
  • Hip hike on lame leg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

0 degrees of lameness =

A

No lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1 degree of lameness =

A

Mild weight-breaing lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 degrees of lameness =

A

Moderate weight-bearing lameness

19
Q

3 degrees of lameness =

A

Severe weight-bearing lameness

20
Q

4 degrees of lameness =

A

Non-weight bearing lameness

21
Q

What is favoring

A

Using that limb less

22
Q

What should be looked for if lameness is bilateral

A
  • May not be obvious
  • Weight shifting while standing (sometimes forward)
  • Shortened stride
  • Bilateral muscle atrophy
  • Bilateral compensatory hypertrophy of unaffected limbs
23
Q

What should be known about breeds for ortho

A
  • Breed conformation
  • Abnorm body condition
  • Breed differences (like how they stand)
24
Q

What should be observed during visual inspection

A
  • Examine posture (body symmetry & areas of muscle atrophy)
  • Hyperflexion or hypextension of joints
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Angular limb deformities (varus or valgus)
25
What all should be palpated
* General body palpation w/ animal standing * Neck (Deep palpation, ventral & lateral flexion, extending the neck) * The back * Lumbosacral region (Dorsally do lumbosacral jt w/o loading or extending the hips) * Medial aspect of knee
26
How should the back be palpated
Apply pressure to spinous processes down the entire length of the spine
27
Why is the medial aspect of the knee joint impt
* Swelling * "medial buttress" found on the medial aspect of the stifle * Indicator of cranial cruciate ligament rupture
28
Describe how to do localization
* W/out sedation to allow pail localization * Neuro exam done along w/ then ortho exam * lateral recumbency * Start @ most distal part of leg * Move ea. joint through full range of motion * Apply stress to joint medially & laterally (check for excess laxity) * Palpate bones & joints * Isolate the joint
29
What are the rules of localization
* Always perform @ end of eval * Palpate lame leg last b/c it is the most painful
30
Do we check joint angles w/ goniometry often
Not really
31
What should be done by palpating bones of joints
* Long bone pain * Palpate each joint for pain, heat, swelling, & instability * Joint effusion
32
What are the four main things you should be looking for when palpating
* Pain * Heat * Swelling * Instability
33
What should be noted when palpating
* Asymmetry btw/ limbs * Abnorm ROM * Crepitation
34
how is ortolani sign performed
* Grasp flexed stifle & apply pressure dorsally * Apply counter pressure w/ other hand dorsal to pelvis * Abduct the limb slowly
35
What does ortolani sign mean if it is positive
Movement is felt as the femoral head reduces back into the acetabulum
36
What is the ortolani used to dx
Hip dysplasia
37
Describe the ortolani maneuver (dorsal)
* Positioned in dorsal recumbency * Place hands over stifles * Hold femurs parallel * Subluxate femoral head (pushing the stifle toward the pelvis, maintain pressure, abduct the limb) * There is a click when the femoral head returns to the acetabulum
38
Describe the cranial drawer test
* Both hands (one on tibia & one on fibula) * Move tibia cranially w/ respect to femur
39
Where should each finger be placed on the femur when doing a cranial drawer test
* Thumb - lateral fabella * Index finger - patella * Thumb - fibular head * Index finger - tibial tuberosity
40
What does a positive cranial drawer test mean
* > ~1 to 2 mm of movement * Dx for CCLR
41
Describe the tibial compression test
* Tarsus flexed w/ force * Tibia translates cranially w/ CCLR (tibial thrust)
42
Describe the luxate patella manually
* Stifle extended (medial MPL) * Stifle slightly flexed (Lateral LPL)
43
What is the objective of an ortho exam
* Lameness localization * R/O other condition/neuro disease * Help determine other dx needs
44
What should be done for in a therapeutic plan
* Discussion w/ the owner regarding orthopedic exam & all dx results * Include surgical & medical tx as pertains to the case * Discuss possible complications & prognosis

Surgery 3 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions