Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CARIOLOGY > Lecture 1 (Part I - Caries Etiology, Pathogenesis and modifying factors of Dental Caries) > Flashcards

Lecture 1 (Part I - Caries Etiology, Pathogenesis and modifying factors of Dental Caries) Flashcards

1
Q

an infectious microbiological disease of the teeth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified tissues.

A

Dental Caries (Then)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues.

A

Dental Caries (Now)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The balance between pathological and protective factors influences the initiation and progression of caries.

A

Dental Caries (Now)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dental caries is a ____, ____, ____, ____ that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues.

A
  • biofilm-mediated
  • sugar-driven
  • multifactorial
  • dynamic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues.

A

Dental Caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is the name of the disease.

A

Dental Caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is the symptom of the disease.

A

The caries lesion or cavitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The management at the ____ is inadequate and would lead only to recurrence and ultimately to tooth loss.

A

Lesion Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treat the ____ (person/individual level), not the ____ which is just a symptom of the disease.

A

Treat the disease (person/individual level), not the lesion which is just a symptom of the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treat the disease (in what level: ____), not the lesion which is just a symptom of the disease.

A

person/individual level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a complex disease.

A

Caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ and ____ should be done at the tooth, person and community levels.

A

Prevention and management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevention and management should be done at the tooth, ____ and____ levels.

A

person and community levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE CAUSATION OF DENTAL CARIES:

A
  • Oral microorganism in the biofilm
  • Host (tooth, oral fluids, genes)
  • Substate (cariogenicity of consumed
    carbohydrates, oral clearance, eating frequency and
    food detergency)
  • Significant length of time for the 3 factors to interact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • tooth
  • oral fluids
  • genes
A

Host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Cariogenicity of consumed
  • carbohydrates
  • oral clearance
  • eating frequency
  • food detergency
A

Substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathogenesis of dental caries involves disturbances in two types of ____/____ that exists in the oral cavity

A

homeostasis/ physiological equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathogenesis of dental caries involves disturbances in two types of homeostasis/ physiological equilibrium that exists in the oral cavity:

A
  • Disruption of microbial homeostasis in the ‘biofilm’
  • Disruption of the mineral homeostasis between the tooth and the oral fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disruption of microbial homeostasis in the ____.

A

biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disruption of the mineral homeostasis between the ____ and ____.

A

tooth and the oral fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A ____ is defined as the population or community of bacteria living in organized structures at an interface between a solid and liquid

A

biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Age

A

Tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exposure to fluoride

A

Tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tooth/surface morphology

A

Tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Root surface exposure
Tooth
26
Quantity/Flow rate
Oral fluid/saliva
27
Quality/Buffering capacity
Oral fluid/saliva
28
common clinical sites of caries initiation
Tooth
29
Base of pits and fissures
Tooth
30
Root Surfaces
Tooth
31
Smooth enamel surfaces that shelter plaque
Tooth
32
areas cervical to the contact areas
Tooth
33
distal surface of most posterior tooth
Tooth
34
areas cervical to the heights of contour on the facial and lingual
Tooth
35
Chronically low salivary flow rate is one of the strongest indicators of increased caries risk
Host Salivary Factors
36
Chronically ____ is one of the strongest indicators of increased caries risk
low salivary flow rate
37
SALIVA: NATURE’S ANTICARIES AGENT
- Bacterial Clearance - Buffers - Remineralization
38
flushes planktonic bacteria
Bacterial Clearance
39
Bacterial clearance flushes ____ bacteria
planktonic
40
Bacterial Clearance direct ____ activity
41
Direct antibacterial activity
Bacterial Clearance
42
Bicarbonate ions
Buffers
43
Sialin and urea hydrolyzed to form ammonia causing pH to rise
Buffers
44
____ and ____ hydrolyzed to form ammonia causing pH to rise
Sialin and urea
45
Sialin and urea hydrolyzed to form ammonia causing
pH to rise
46
supersaturated with calcium and phosphate ions
Remineralization
47
Researchers initially believed that ____ were less important in determining caries risk than were environmental influences, such as microbial and dietary factors
genetic factors
48
Clearance rate
Substrate
48
An individual's ____ can potentially prevent the existence of certain beneficial bacteria or allow pathogenic species to reside and contribute to its unique microbiome.
genotype
48
Eating frequency
Substrate
49
Food detergency
Substrate
50
Cariogenicity of consumed carbohydrates. Sucrose is more cariogenic than glucose and fructose.
Substrate
51
____ is more cariogenic than glucose and fructose.
Sucrose
52
Why is sucrose the most cariogenic among all the carbohydrates?
- it is a relatively small molecule - can easily enter the plaque - sucrose for energy production and the process produces acid - Sucrose is also used by bacteria to produce extracellular polysaccharide called dextrans - It will help plaque stick to the tooth surface, making it more difficult to remove
53
Bacteria like to use ____ for energy production and the process produces ____.
Bacteria like to use sucrose for energy production and the process produces acid
54
is also used by bacteria to produce extracellular polysaccharide called dextrans.
Sucrose
55
Sucrose is also used by bacteria to produce extracellular polysaccharide called ____.
dextrans
56
ORAL BACTERIA IN BIOFILM:
- Microbial load - Plaque composition - Plaque acidogenicity - Plaque aciduricity - Presence of fluoride in plaque
57
Properties of bacteria that contribute to Microbial Pathogenicity and Cariogenicity:
- Acidogenicity - Acidurity - Adherence
58
ability to produce acid from a fermentable substrate
Acidogenicity
59
ability to survive in an acidic environment
Acidurity
60
ability to attach to tooth surface
Adherence
61
A gelatinous (soft, translucent and tenaciously adhering) mass of bacteria adhering to the tooth surface.
Dental Plaque (Then)
62
An aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a solid substrate exposed to an aqueous surface.
Biofilm (Now)
63
64
The bulk of the volume (~90%) of ____ is comprised of a gel-like matrix of extracellular polysaccharides produced by oral bacteria.
dental plaque biofilm
65
The gelatinous nature of the plaque limits outward diffusion of metabolic products and thus serves to prolong the retention of acids.
Biofilm (Now)
66
produces lactic acid from sucrose
Acidogenic
67
can live in pH as low as 4.2
Aciduric
68
Acidogenic produces lactic acid from
Sucrose
69
Aciduric - can live in pH as low as
4.2
70
is the collective term for all the serotypes
mutans streptococci
71
can produce great amounts of acids
Mutant Streptococci and Lactobacilli
72
are tolerant of acidic environments
Mutant Streptococci and Lactobacilli
73
are vigorously stimulated by sucrose, and appear to be the primary organisms associated with caries in humans.
Mutant Streptococci and Lactobacilli
74
Streptococcus mutans
Humans
75
Streptococcus sobrinus
Humans
76
Streptococcus rattus
Rats
77
Streptococcus cricetus
Hamsters
78
Streptococcus ferus
Wild rats
79
Streptococcus macacae
Primates
80
Streptococcus downei
Primates
81
Mutans Streptococci
Enamel Caries
82
MS and Lactobacilli species
Dentin Caries
83
Actinomycetes species e.g. Actinomycetes viscosus)
Root Caries
84
S mutans is only one of more than 500 species found in the dental plaque TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
85
S mutans is detectable in 10 to 20% of people who have severe caries TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE - S mutans is not detectable in 10 to 20% of people who have severe caries
86
was an American dentist and the first oral microbiologist
Willoughby Dayton Miller (1853-1907)
87
EVOLVING THEORIES ON ETIOLOGY OF DENTAL CARIES:
- Miller's Chemoparasitic Theory - Nonspecific Plaque Hypothesis (NSPH) - Specific Plaque Hypothesis (SPH)
88
all plaque are pathogenic
Nonspecific plaque hypothesis
89
plaque is pathogenic only if associated with clinical disease.
Specific plaque hypothesis
90
The goal of therapy is to suppress the cariogenic plaques and to replace them with pathogen-free plaques - Walter Loesche
Specific plaque hypothesis
91
According to this hypothesis, a certain change in the environment of the residential plaque flora provides pathogenicity to specific species that produce the disease only at specific sites.
The Ecological Plaque Hypothesis (1991)
92
First to colonize biofilm are
- S. oralis - S mitis - S. sanguis
93
Only ___% is S. mutans
1%
94
30-60 minutes after acid attack, buffers in saliva can increase the ____
pH
95
there is equilibrium of minerals between tooth surface and oral fluids
neutral pH
96
When pH goes ____ 5.5, minerals (HA) at the tooth surface are dissolved to maintain equilibrium of the oral fluid
down below
97
When pH ____, the oral fluids become supersaturated with phosphates and calcium.
goes up
98
At pH ____ in the presence of Fluoride, there is reprecipitation of hydrofluorapatite
Less than 4.5

CARIOLOGY (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions