Lecture 1 (Revised) (Cardiovascular System)

Question 1

(Heart Layers)
Heart Layers (outer to inner)?

Answer 1

-Epicardium
-Myocardium
-Endocardium

Question 2

Purkenjie cells?

Answer 2

Conducting cells

Question 3

Inside of Heart is lined with?

Answer 3

Endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

Question 4

Outside of Heart is lined with?

Answer 4

Mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

Question 5

Outer covering of Heart?

Answer 5

Pericardium (dense CT)

Question 6

Epicardium consists of?

Answer 6

Fat cells, blood vessels, nerves

Question 7

Myocardium consists of?

Answer 7

Cardiac muscle

Question 8

Endocardium consists of?

Answer 8

Purkenjie cells, fibers, smooth muscle

Question 9

Blood Vessels?

Answer 9

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, etc.

Question 10

Portal Systems occur between?

Answer 10

2 capillary beds
(arterial)
(venous)

Question 11

(Portal System)
Arterial Portal System?

Answer 11

(In Kidneys)
Arteriole between 2 beds

Question 12

(Portal System)
Venous Portal System?

Answer 12

(In Liver)
Vein between 2 beds

Question 13

Blood Vessel Layers?

Answer 13

-Tunica Adventitia
-Tunica Media
-Tunica Intima

Question 14

(Blood Vessel Layers)
Tunica Adventitia?

Answer 14

Elastic fibers
(external elastic lamina)

Question 15

(Blood Vessel Layers)
Tunica Media?

Answer 15

Elastic fibers + smooth muscle cells
(internal elastic lamina)

Question 16

(Blood Vessel Layers)
Tunica Intima?

Answer 16

Smooth Muscle Cells

Question 17

Inside of Blood Vessels is lined with?

Answer 17

Endothelium

Question 18

Elastic Arteries?

Answer 18

-Thick tunica media
-Lots of elastic fibers (purple)
-Ex. aorta + pulmonary trunk

Question 19

Muscular Arteries?

Answer 19

-Thick tunica media
-Lots of smooth muscle cells (many nuclei)

Question 20

Medium Veins?

Answer 20

-Thin tunica media (elastic + reticular fibers, SMCs)
-Adventitia blends in with surrounding CT
-Irregularly shaped

Question 21

Large Veins - Vena Cava?

Answer 21

-Thin tunica media (elastic + reticular fibers, SMCs)
-May contain valves (unlike arteries)

Question 22

Arterioles?

Answer 22

-1-2 layers of SMCs
-Metarterioles control flow from arteriole into capillary

Question 23

Capillaries?

Answer 23

-Characterized by 1 layer of endothelium
-Continuous
-Fenestrated
-Sinusoidal

Question 24

(Capillaries)
Continuous Capillaries?

Answer 24

Muscle + Nerve tissue
(fully intact membrane)
(NO diffusion)

Question 25

(Capillaries) Fenestrated Capillaries?

Answer 25

Digestive organs + pancrease (perforated membrane) (some diffusion)

Question 26

(Capillaries) Sinusoidal Capillaries?

Answer 26

Liver + Spleen + Bone Marrow (incomplete membrane) (diffusion of large products)

Question 27

Neuromuscular Bundle?

Answer 27

Nerve, artery, vein, and lymph surrounded by fascial sheath (CT)

Question 28

Myocardial Infarct?

Answer 28

Heart Attack

Question 29

Blockage of coronary arteries leads to?

Answer 29

Complete loss of blood flow and muscle tissue dies

Question 30

Neutrophils + Macrophages come into area to?

Answer 30

Clear out dead (necrotic cells)

Question 31

Fibroblasts use collagen to?

Answer 31

Form scar tissue