lecture 1 to 8

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

the study of how drugs affect the body and how the body affects drugs

Question 2

what was the worlds first synthetic drug

Answer 2

salvarsan

Question 3

three routes to create drugs

Answer 3

folk medicine ie the nautral product eg aspirin and cocaine
serendipity eg penicillin
synthetic chnemistry eg procian and salvarsan

Question 4

pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

mechanism of drug action

Question 5

pharamacokinetics

Answer 5

handling of the drug by the body

Question 6

intracellular drug targets

Answer 6

nuclear hormone recptors and enzymes

Question 7

extracellular drug targets

Answer 7

voltage gated ion channel tyrosine kinase repctor transporter enzyme ligand gated ion channel and g coupled protein repcptor

Question 8

what are ligand gated channels named after

Answer 8

their activating ligand, not the ubstance they transport eg GABA a

Question 9

pharmacognosy

Answer 9

study of drugs from nautral sources

Question 10

ligand gated ion channels exaples

Answer 10

gaba type a receptor
nicotinic acetylcholine recptor
glycine recptor
ionotrpic glycine recptor

Question 11

ligand gated channel strcutre

Answer 11

pentamer- five subunits 2 alpha 1 beta one delta and one epsilon
2 binding sites for acetylcholine
each subunit has 4 transmembrane domains, the second tmd forms the linning of the ion channel, contains hydrophilic amino acids
agonist bindig site located in large loop between TM3 and TM4

Question 12

`strcutre of voltage gagted channel

Answer 12

larger alpha subunit and smmller beta subunit
aphasubunit has for pseudosubunits each containing 6 transmembrane domains
membrane dippin gdomians between tm5 and tm6 form lining of channel
tm4 is the voltage ensor

Question 13

GPCRs

Answer 13

seven transmembrane domains
most diverse
muscarinic receptors
adrenergic receptors

Question 14

affinity

Answer 14

how tightly something binds

Question 15

kd

Answer 15

used to emasure affinity

is the dissociation constant , the concentration of drug that gives 50% the maximum occupancy

Question 16

the higher the kd

Answer 16

rhe lower the affinity

Question 17

ec50

Answer 17

conc of drug giving 50% of the maximal effect

Question 18

pitency

Answer 18

the conc of drug required to give certain resonse

Question 19

competitive antagonisjm

Answer 19

surmountable
parallel curve to the right with no change in maximum response
reversible

Question 20

ic50

Answer 20

concentration of antagonist fiving 50% of the control response
changes with agonist concentration

Question 21

selectivity

Answer 21

is the rekative potency or sffinity at one receptor compared with another

Question 22

non competivie

Answer 22

reduces maximum effect]is unsurmoutable

Question 23

uncompetitive

Answer 23

use dependent