Lecture 1 Upper Limbs

Question 0

The pectoral girdle consists of the ____ & _____

Answer 0

Scapula and clavicle

Question 1

The upper limb bones are attached to the axial skeleton by the ______

Answer 1

Pectoral Girdle

Question 2

Pectoral girdle has _____ but lacks _____

Answer 2

Flexibility; lacks stabiity

Question 3

For the clavicle, describe the superior surface, the sternal end, and the acromial end.

Answer 3

Superior surface=smooth
Sternal end=blocky
Acromial end=hooks forward

Question 4

Is the medial clavicle anterior or posterior? Lateral clavicle?

Answer 4

Medial=anterior

Lateral=posterior

Question 5

The clavicle is most varied in ___ compared to the other long bones

Answer 5

Shape

Question 6

Manual workers have a more _______ clavicle because ___

Answer 6

More blocky and curved because more muscle is pulling on it

Question 7

The right clavicle is usually more ____&_____ than the left

Answer 7

Short and thick

Question 8

Which bone is most likely to break in children?

Answer 8

Clavicle

Question 9

Clavicular growth ends at what age?

Answer 9

25-31years

Question 10

He clavicle first ossifies through ___________, then the ends ossify through ________

Answer 10

Intramembranous; endochondral

Question 11

The glenoid cavity contains _____ cartilage which is what connects the scapula to the _______

Answer 11

Articular/hyaline cartilage; humerus

Question 12

What is the joint name for where the clavicle meets the sternum?

Answer 12

Sternoclavicular Joint

Question 13

The pectoral girdle only has _____ attachment to the axial skeleton.

Answer 13

Anterior

Question 14

The sternoclavicular joint is what TYPE of joint?

Answer 14

Synovial-Gliding joint

Question 15

What are the types of movement of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 15

Protraction/retraction, elevation/depression

Question 16

Muscles that act on the girdle originate on________, and insert on ______.

Answer 16

Orig=axial skeleton

Inserts=girdle

Question 17

_______ moves both bones of the pectoral girdle

Answer 17

Trapezius

Question 18

What is the action of the Levator Scapulae?

Answer 18

elevates the scapula

Question 19

What is the insert and origin of the Rhomboid Minor?

Answer 19

Inserts @ base of the spine, origin @ vertebrae

Question 20

Insert and action of the Rhomboid Major?

Answer 20

Inserts below the spine, causes rotation

Question 21

The Serratus Anterior inserts where? Causes what action?

Answer 21

Inserts at vertebral border, causes protraction

Question 22

_____ _______ ______ act on the pectoral girdle

Answer 22

Deep Anterior Muscles

Question 23

The clavicle and the scapula connect at the _____ joint

Answer 23

acromioclavicular joint

Question 24

What ligaments stabilize the clavicle?

Answer 24

Corococlavicular Ligaments

Question 25

Which ligament gives superior support of the pectoral girdle, forming a "shelf"?

Answer 25

Corocoacromial Ligament

Question 26

Shoulder separation is usually due to ____

Answer 26

downward force over the acromion

Question 27

Shoulder Separation can result in a torn ____

Answer 27

Acromioclavicular Ligament (A.C.L.)

Question 28

A SEVERE shoulder separation can result in a torn _____ and a torn ______

Answer 28

Acromioclavicular Ligament and Corococlavicular Ligament

Question 29

In an X-Ray of acromioclavicular separation, the clavicle ______

Answer 29

"springs" up

Question 30

What type of cartilage is found on the head of the proximal humerus?

Answer 30

Articular Cartilage

Question 31

On a humerus, the first depression after the head

Answer 31

Anatomical Neck

Question 32

The most commonly broken place on the humerus

Answer 32

The surgical neck (it's thinner)

Question 33

Which direction do the tubercles of the humerus point?

Answer 33

Anterior

Question 34

The upper limbs are held to the girdle at the _______ Joint. This joint consists of the ____ & ____

Answer 34

Glenohumeral Joint; Glenoid Fossa (on scapula) and head of humerus

Question 35

The loose _______ and the shallow ______ allows for flexibility in movement, but increases risk of dislocation.

Answer 35

articular capsule; glenoid cavity

Question 36

The glenohumeral joint has a fibrocartilage meniscus called the ______

Answer 36

glenoid labrum

Question 37

The rotator cuff (aka ______), consists of what 4 muscles?

Answer 37

Glenohumeral Reinforcement; "SITS" -> Suprapinatus, Infrapinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

Question 38

Extra reinforcement comes from the _____. The tendon runs _____.

Answer 38

Biceps Brachii; Intracapsular

Question 39

What are the structural and functional types of joints that describe the Glenohumeral Joint?

Answer 39

Structural- synovial;ball & socket | Functional- diarthrosis; triaxial

Question 40

What are 4 reasons that the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) would dislocate?

Answer 40

1. Shallow glenoid cavity 2. Large, rounded humeral head 3. Loose articular capsule 4. Great flexibility, but lacks stability

Question 41

The most common type of glenohumeral dislocation?

Answer 41

Inferior-direction Dislocation

Question 42

On the distal humerus, the medial epicondyle is directed ____

Answer 42

Medially

Question 43

The 2 parts of the distal humerus (on each side of the medial epicondyle), are the ______ which articulates with the ______, and the _____ which articulates with the ______.

Answer 43

Capitulum articulates with the radius; Trochlea articulates with the ulna

Question 44

What is the structural joint of the radioulnar?

Answer 44

Synovial Pivot

Question 45

What is the structural joint of the humeral?

Answer 45

Synovial Hinge (btwn humerus and forearm)

Question 46

What is the functional joint of the radioulnar?

Answer 46

Uniaxial

Question 47

Functional joint of the Humeral?

Answer 47

Uniaxial (hinge)

Question 48

The head of the radius pivots in the ____

Answer 48

radial notch

Question 49

Pulling on the forearm can cause ______

Answer 49

Radial Head Dislocation

Question 50

In radial head dislocation, the radial head slips out of the ___________

Answer 50

annular ligament

Question 51

In radial head dislocation, the radial head slides away from the _____ of the ulna and the ____ of the humerus.

Answer 51

radial notch of the ulna and capitulum of the humerus

Question 52

The scaphoid carpal bones articulate with the ___

Answer 52

radius

Question 53

The Lunate carpal bones articulate with the ___

Answer 53

ulna

Question 54

The carpal bones consist of 2 ____ joints and all others are ____ joints.

Answer 54

synovial; gliding