Lecture 2 Lower Limbs

Question 1

Lower limbs are held by the ______

Answer 1

Pelvic Girdle

Question 2

There are ____ coxal bones which are ____, ____, & ____

Answer 2

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

Question 3

The coxal bones are separated by _______

Answer 3

cartilage

Question 4

The coxal bones completely fuse by the time you are _____ years old

Answer 4

25 years old

Question 5

Fusion at the hip socket includes what 2 landmarks of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 5

Acetabulum (“vinegar cup”) and obterator foramen (“closed hole”)

Question 6

The pelvic girdle contains how many coxal bones?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

The pelvic girdle has _____ but lacks ______

Answer 7

has stability; lacks flexibility

Question 8

The pelvic girdles attach to the sacrum at the ______ joint

Answer 8

sacroiliac joint

Question 9

The ________ consists of the 2 coxal bones and the sacrum

Answer 9

Bony Pelvis

Question 10

The sacroiliac joint is a ___________ joint with strong _______ ligaments

Answer 10

interlocking synovial gliding joint; extracapsular joint

Question 11

The ______ _____ is a continuous circular region that goes from the sacral promontory, around the arcuate line, to the pubic crest. It also forms a pelvic inlet.

Answer 11

Pelvic Brim

Question 12

The greater pelvis is ______ to the pelvic brim and is a part of the abdomen.

Answer 12

superior

Question 13

Are there pelvic organs in the greater pelvis?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

The lesser pelvis is ____ to the pelvic brim and surround the _______. Dos it contain pelvic organs?

Answer 14

Inferior; pelvic cavity; yes

Question 15

Which pelvic organs are found in the lesser pelvis?

Answer 15

bladder and internal reproductive organs

Question 16

Is a child’s bladder above or below the pubic symphysis?

Answer 16

ABOVE

Question 17

The bony pelvis encases ______

Answer 17

internal reproductive organs

Question 18

A male pelvis, overall, is ______ & ______

Answer 18

Narrow and tall

Question 19

Describe these in a male pelvis: False pelvis, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, sacrum, pelvic brim, pubic arch, coccyx, obterator foramen

Answer 19

False pelvis=deep, pelvic inlet & outlet=narrow, sacrum=narrow, pelvic brim=heart shaped, pubic arch=<90 degrees, coccyx points anterior, obterator foramen=oval

Question 20

Female pelvis, overall, is ____ & ____

Answer 20

Short and Wide

Question 21

Describe these in a female pelvis: False pelvis, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, sacrum, pelvic brim, pubic arch, coccyx, obterator foramen

Answer 21

False pelvis=shallow, pelvic inlet=large and round, outlet=wider, sacrum=short and wide, pelvic brim=rounded, pubic arch=>100 degrees, coccyx points inferior, obterator foramen=triangle shaped

Question 22

Femur head attaches at the _____ of the coxal bone

Answer 22

acetabulum

Question 23

The head of the femur attaching at the acetabulum form the ____ joint

Answer 23

hip joint

Question 24

Hip joint is aka the ______ joint

Answer 24

Coxo-femoral joint

Question 25

What type of joint is the coxo-femoral joint?

Answer 25

Synovial; Ball and Socket. & Diarthrosis; Triaxial

Question 26

In the coxo-femoral joint, the deep acetabulum socket has a reinforced _____ and ______.

Answer 26

fat pad and fibrocartilage labrum

Question 27

The coxo-femoral joint structure contributes to it's ______

Answer 27

stability

Question 28

The ______ ligaments of the coxo-femoral joint allow flexion, but not extension

Answer 28

extracapsular

Question 29

The __________ attaches from the transverse ligament to the fovea capitis. How much support does it provide? Provides small______.

Answer 29

Ligamentum Teres (LT); Little or no support; provides small blood vessels (to head of femur)

Question 30

Which ligament, when torn during a hip injury, disrupts blood vessels to the head of the femur?

Answer 30

Ligamentum Teres

Question 31

Dislocation of the femur often occurs _______ due to immense stress. How likely is it that someone will dislocate their femur?

Answer 31

Posterior; It is rare

Question 32

When a femur dislocates, what three ligaments are torn?

Answer 32

ligamentum teres, ischiofemoral ligament, and posterior capsule tear

Question 33

Dislocation of the femur disrupts ______ from the Ligamentum Teres and Capsule. Death to _____ ____ results.

Answer 33

blood flow; bone tissue

Question 34

A broken hip usually occurs along the _____ _____ because it is composed of mostly ______

Answer 34

femoral neck; spongy bone

Question 35

Hip bone has a thin _______, and a broken hip disrupts _______

Answer 35

periosteum; blood flow

Question 36

Between a tibia and a fibula, which is weight bearing and which is not?

Answer 36

Tibia=weight bearing | Fibula=not weight bearing

Question 37

What 2 menisci are in the knee (tibiofemoral) joint? What do they provide?

Answer 37

Medial and Lateral; Provides cushion, conformity, increases surface area, and provides lateral stability

Question 38

___ ___ ___ prevents anterior glide of the tibia

Answer 38

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 39

The popliteal muscle is oblique, so it ______ the knee when extended

Answer 39

unlocks

Question 40

Lateral blow of the knee can cause tearing of the: __, ___, and ___

Answer 40

Medial Collateral Ligament, Medial Meniscus, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 41

If you damage the ______, you cannot plantar flex

Answer 41

Achilles Tendon (aka Calcanial Tendon)

Question 42

What is the most common type of ankle joint injury?

Answer 42

Inversion Injury

Question 43

In an ankle joint INVERSION injury, the sole is forced _______, the talus is shoved into the ____ ____, the talus and calcaneous are forced away from the ____ _____.

Answer 43

medially; medial malleolus; lateral malleolus

Question 44

Which lateral ligaments are stretched/torn in an INVERSION ankle joint injury?

Answer 44

Ant/Post Talofibular Lig & Calcaneofibular Lig.

Question 45

In an EVERSION ankle joint injury, the sole is forced ______, the talus is shoved into the ______(possible fracture), the talus may be driven between the ____ & ____ (tearing interosseous membrane), and possible fracture of the _____

Answer 45

laterally; lateral malleolus; fibula and tibia; fibula

Question 46

Which medial ligament may be stretched or torn in an EVERSION ankle joint injury?

Answer 46

Deltoid Ligament