Lecture 1 - Work And Study Flashcards
units 1,2,5,6,7
1
Q
cram
A
study in a very concentrated way for a short time
2
Q
genius
A
an exceptionally clever person
3
Q
to do revision/ to revise
A
reread work done previously to improve one’s knowledge of a subject, typically to prepare for an examination.
4
Q
past papers
A
exam papers from previous ways
5
Q
memorise/ to learn (off) by heart
A
to learn something in such a way that you can say it from memory.
6
Q
rote-learning
A
learning purely by repetition
7
Q
mnemonics
A
eselsbrücken
8
Q
to bury yourself in your books
A
spend the maximum time studying
9
Q
intensively
A
in a very focused way
10
Q
to know sth inside out
A
to know it completely
11
Q
composition
A
could be just 50-100 words, often used for school work
12
Q
essay
A
longer than a composition, more serious, hundereds or thousands of words
13
Q
assignment
A
a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words
14
Q
project
A
like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic
15
Q
portfolio
A
a collection of individual pieces of work, may include drawings and other examples of creative work as well as writing
16
Q
dissertation
A
a long, research-based work, perhaps 10-15,000 words, for a degree or diploma
17
Q
thesis
A
a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80-10,000 words, for a higher degree
18
Q
mind map
A
diagram that that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another
19
Q
first draft
A
first rough version
20
Q
to write up
A
ausarbeiten
21
Q
plagiarism
A
using other people’s work as if it was yours
22
Q
plagiarism form
A
a form they make you sign
23
Q
acknowledge
A
anerkennen, give details of
24
Q
deadline
A
date by which you must hand in the work
25
to submit
to hand in, formal
26
to assess
to evaluate and give a grade
27
feedback
comments form the teacher/tutor
28
to carry out research
less formal is do research
29
academic journals
magazines with academic articles, we don't call them magazines though
30
to access it online
to get hold of it on the internet
31
inter-library loan
system where libraries exchange books/journals with one another
32
open educational resources
online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere
33
to drop out
leave the course before the end
34
finals
last exams before the end of a college or university course
35
well-qualified
with the right formal qualifications
36
equality of opportunity
when everyone has the same chances
37
selective
pupils are chosen for entry, usually for academic reasons,
though, in the case of some private schools, parents’
ability to pay school fees may be a factor in selection
38
comprehensive
everyone enters without exams and education is free,
paid for by the government
39
schooling
education received at school
40
elitism
when you favour a small, privileged group
41
inherent in
existing as a basic part of something
42
League tables
lists of schools or colleges, from the best down to
the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes,
other criteria
43
to perpetuate
make something continue
44
two-tier system
a system with two separate levels, one of which is
better than the other
45
perceives
sees, considers
46
better-of
richer
47
endowed
receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from
rich people, etc. [= endowments]
48
depressing
reducing
49
less well-off
poorer
50
scholarships
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of academic merit
51
excel
achieve an excellent standard
52
bursaries
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of need
53
tertiary eductaion
education at college/uni level
54
student loans
money that students can borrow from a bank while
studying and then pay back once they are in work
55
undergraduates
students doing a first degree [postgraduates =
students doing a further degree]
56
tuition fees
money paid to receive teaching
57
the three R's
reading, writing, arithmetic
58
Literacy
the ability to read
59
numeracy
the ability to count (basic maths)
60
curriculum reform
changes to what is covered in the national syllabus = plan of what is to be studied
61
lifelong/continuing education
education for all ages
62
mature students
adult students older than the average student
63
special needs education
education for
children who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have some disability
64
one-to-one
one teacher and one pupil, not a group
65
bullying
threatening behaviour
66
government guidelines
advice (often official)
on how something should be done
67
distraction
takes attention away
68
opposite number
has the same position / does the same job as me
69
working relationship
way of communicating and working together
70
collaboration
working together to achieve shared goals
71
counterpart
more formal equivalent of opposite number
72
rapport
/ræˈpɔː/ communication/relationship
73
take the initiative
make decisions without being told what to do
74
hierarchical
/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/ has a structure with important
and less important people
75
pecking order
a system where some people have the right to get
benefits/promotions before others
76
job-share
an agreement where two people share the same job
77
hot-desking
a policy of sharing desks in an office, so people
sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day
78
workmates
colleagues you are friendly with (especially in
non-professional occupations); informal
79
talk shop
talk about work, informal
80
mundane
ordinary, not interesting
81
meet a deadline
have something finished by a fixed day or time
82
volunteer
offer to do something without being asked to do it
83
rewarding
making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or
done something well
84
stimulating
encouraging new ideas or new thinking
85
workload
amount of work to be done
86
mechanical
you don’t have to think about what you are doing
87
repetitive
the same thing is repeated every day
88
knocking off
finishing work; informal
89
night shift/day shift
joa nh
90
monotonous
boring because it never changes
91
satisfying
(does not) make me feel pleased
by providing what I need or want
92
challenging
that tests my ability or determination
93
glamorous
very exciting, which everyone admires
94
anti-social
do not enable one to have a normal social life
95
stuck behind a desk
sitting at a
desk all day; informal
96
mind-numbing
extremely boring
97
tight schedules
very strict or severely limited timetables
98
stuck in a rut
stuck/trapped in a job they can’t escape from
99
dead-end jobs
with no prospects of promotion
100
technician
person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment
101
went in with
formed a business
partnership with
102
start-up
a small business that has just started
103
freelance
or: works freelance
104
computer programmer
someone who writes
computer programs
105
job satisfaction
a feeling that your job is worth doing and fulfils you
106
workplace
the place where you work
107
run-of-the-mill job
ordinary, not special or exciting
108
short-term
financial reward
[immediate; opp. = long-term] [money gained]
109
morale
amount of
confidence felt by a person or group
110
teamwork
working
together for a common purpose
111
job stability
not likely to change
112
fast-moving
developing or changing very quickly
113
work-life balance
the amount of time
spent working compared to the amount of time spent doing things you enjoy
114
dynamic
continuously
developing
115
demotivated
feeling
less enthusiastic about work
116
looking to work in / seeking a career in
mhmm
117
maternity / paternity leave / adoption leave
time away from work to prepare
for and look after a new baby / adopted child
118
perks / extra benefits
informal / formal, extra things apart from salary,
e.g. a car, health insurance]
119
holiday entitlement
number of days you have the right to take
as holiday
120
increments
increases/rises; formal
121
performance-related
depending on how well you do your job
122
annual bonus
extra money paid once a
year, usually based on good performance
123
overworked and underpaid
often said together as an informal, humorous
fixed expression
124
voluntary/
compulsory redundancies
people losing their jobs, by offering to do so / having no choice
125
skeleton staf
the minimum number of workers needed to keep operating
126
interview panel
the group of people interviewing someone for a job
127
telesales/telemarketing
selling or marketing goods and services by phone
128
cold calling
phoning people who have not requested a call in
order to try to sell them something
129
hard sell
attempt to sell something by being very forceful or
persuasive
130
part with their money
spend money
131
TV shopping channel
a TV channel devoted to selling products
132
merchandise
products that are bought and sold
133
hasn't looked back
has moved forward successfully
134
purchasing power
the ability they have to buy goods, i.e. the amount of money they
have available
135
shop around
you try different companies or shops to see which offers best value
136
to keep sth in stock
to keep a supply of it
137
trade something up
buy one that is of higher value than the one
you had before (opp: trade down)
138
brand loyalty
confidence in that particular
make and a tendency always to choose it
139
loss leader
sell an item for less than it costs them in order to attract a lot of people
into the shop, where they will also buy more profitable items
140
to price sth
to give it a price
141
a niche market
specialised group of customers with particular interests
that that company can meet
142
come/go under the hammer
sold at an auction (bid/ the bidder)
143
lucrative
producing a lot of money
144
red tape
bureaucracy, neg (spelling!)
145
administration
organisation and arrangement of operations
146
proposition
formal offer
147
takeover
agreement in which one company takes control of
another one (compare with merger, in which two
companies join together to become one company)
148
to reach a compromise
come to an agreement in which both sides reduce
their demands a little
149
hammer out a deal
talk in detail until a business agreement is made
150
to be swallowed up
to be taken over by a larger company
151
capital asset
buildings and machines owned by a company
152
to invest in
put money into
153
holiday property letting agency
a business organising the rental of holiday houses
and flats
