Lecture 10 Flashcards
Binary Fission
Simpler than mitosis due to lack of membrane bound organelles and only 1 chromosome, prokaryote only
Lag Phase
Cells are growing but not dividing, replication and metabolism
Log Phase
Cells are dividing
Stationary Phase
Max population, cell division equals cell death, nutrients and space are limiting
Death Phase
Cells die due to an accumulation of waste and lack of ressources
Chromosome
Molecule of genetic information
Chromatid
Product of DNA replication
Centromere
Site of attachment for sister chromatids, site of kinetochore assembly
Kinetochore
Protein complex at centromere
G1 Phase
Gap 1 phase, normal cell activities, cell is dividing to decide (whether conditions can support 2 daughter cells)
S Phase
Synthesis phase, DNA replicates
G2 Phase
Gap 2 phase, normal cell activities with twice the amount of DNA
Mitosis
Separation of sister chromatids
Interphase
All phases where cell is not actively dividing (G1, S and G2)
Prophase
Packaging of chromosomes into mitotic chromosomes , (condensation of chromosomes)
Prometaphase
Nuclear envelope break down, microtubules invade nuclear area and attach to kinetochores
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate
Anaphase
Separation of chromatids (chromatids become chromosomes)
Polar microtubules
Microtubules bound to other microtubules, use kinesin to elongate cell
Astral microtubules
Microtubules bound to plasma membrane, prevent MTOC from moving to centre of cell
Kinetochore microtubules
Pull chromosomes to poles via depolymerization & dynein
Telophase
Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms, start of cytokinetic furrow
Cytokinesis
Separation of cytoplasm
Contractile Ring
Cytokinetic furrow, formed by microfilaments and contracted by myosin
