lecture 10

Question 1

Assimilative Reduction

Answer 1

Compounds are reduced for the purpose of building cellular macromolecules and the cell only reduces the amount needed for growth

Question 2

Dissimilative Reduction

Answer 2

Compounds are reduced for the purpose of energy conservation, large amounts are reduced and the cell excretes the reduced product into the environment as waste

Question 3

E coli final electron acceptors are?

Answer 3

1. oxygen (o2)
2. nitrate reductase (NO3-)
   However e coli prefer to use oxygen instead because it’s more energetically favorable than using nitrate reductase.

Question 4

Phototrophs

Answer 4

Obtain energy from chemical reactions triggered by light.
(Catabolic)

Question 5

Chemotrophs

Answer 5

Obtain energy from oxidation=reduction reactions
(Catabolic)

Question 6

Lithotroph

Answer 6

Use inorganic molecules as a source of electrons
(Catabolic)

Question 7

Organotrophs

Answer 7

Use organic molecules

Question 8

Heterotroph

Answer 8

Uses preformed organic molecules
(photoheterotrophs/chemoheterotrophs)

Question 9

Autotroph

Answer 9

Fixes CO2 and assemble into organic molecules
(phototrophs/chemotrophs)

Question 10

Glycolysis Purpose

Answer 10

This is the first step in cellular respiration (ATP production pathway). Glycolysis produces pyruvate which can be further metabolized into more ATP in the Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic).

Question 11

Glycolysis can occur in anerobic conditions?

Answer 11

True, glycolysis is a way to produce some energy and other intermediates without the presence of oxygen. It can help lead to fermentation pathways instead.

Question 12

Glycolysis produces intermediates that are used in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino sugars?

Answer 12

True they are glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate.

Question 13

Glycolysis is not a universally conserved pathway?

Answer 13

False, it is evolutionary conserved because it plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. It’s the first step to generating more energy.

Question 14

Glycolysis is tightly regulated

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Electrons are passed from lower to higher reduction potentials in a series of reactions that release energy?

Answer 15

true

Question 16

The energy released is converted into the proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane which is another source of energy.

Answer 16

true