Lecture 10

Question 1

What is ROM

Answer 1

Range of motion

Question 2

Describe First class levers

Answer 2

Fulcrum between force and load

Question 3

Describe second class levers

Answer 3

Load between fulcrum and force

Question 4

Describe third class levers

Answer 4

Force between fulcrum and load

Question 5

What is the function of first levers

Answer 5

Stabilises joint position

Question 6

What is the function of third levers

Answer 6

Effective at overcoming heavy loads (Likea wheel barrow)

Question 7

What is the function of third levers

Answer 7

Large range of movemnt; speed

Question 8

What are the three factors that muscle form depends on

Answer 8

1. Length of muscle fibres
2. Number of muscle fibres
3. Arrangement of muscle fibres

Question 9

How much can fibres shorten by?

Answer 9

50% of their resting legnth

Question 10

What is the purpose of having longer muscle fibrers

Answer 10

If large ROM required = long muscle fibres

Question 11

How does number of muscle fibres affect the function of a muscle

Answer 11

Tension is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area
More no. of fibres means more CSA and greater tension

Question 12

What are the two ways muscle can be arranged

Answer 12

Parallel and Pennate

Question 13

What is the major difference between Parallel and Pennate muscle arrangement

Answer 13

Parallel = Smaller CAS, greater shortening
Pennate = Greater CSA, lesser the shortening

Question 14

What are the three ways in which muscle can contract

Answer 14

• Concentric
• Eccentric
• Isometric

Question 15

Describe Concentric contraction

Answer 15

• Tension is greater than
  load
• Muscle shortens

Question 16

Describe Eccentric contraction

Answer 16

Tension is lesser than
load
* Muscle elongates
* pull in opposite direction
by another
muscle/gravity

Question 17

Describe Isometric contraction

Answer 17

Tension does not
outweigh load
* No change in length of
muscle
* No change in joint
position
Eg. Holding the elbowstill

Question 18

What are the 4 different roles a muscle can have at a joint

Answer 18

Agonist
Antagonist
Stabiliser
Neutraliser

Question 19

What is the role of the agonist

Answer 19

To create movement

Question 20

What is the role of the Antagonist

Answer 20

Opposes/controls movement

Question 21

What is the role of the Stabiliser

Answer 21

Holds joints still

Question 22

What is the role of the Neutraliser

Answer 22

Stops unwanted movement

Question 23

Where is the origin and insertion of the Biceps brachii

Answer 23

Scapula to Radial tuberosity

Question 24

Where is the origin and insertion of the Triceps brachii

Answer 24

Scapula to humerus

Question 25

Where is the origin and insertion of the Deltoid

Answer 25

Scapula and clavicle to Deltoid tuberosity

Question 26

Where is the origin and insertion of the Iliopsoas

Answer 26

Illiac fossa and lumbar vertebrae to femur

Question 27

Where is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Maximus

Answer 27

Illium and Sacrum to Femur

Question 28

Where is the origin and insertion of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 28

Rectus femoris (Illium) Vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis (femur) to Tibial tuberosity

Question 29

Where is the origin and insertion of the Hamstrings

Answer 29

Ischium (+ femur for biceps femoris) to tibia and fibula

Question 30

Where is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis anterior

Answer 30

Tibia to Tarsals

Question 31

What are the two types of arrangements for muscle fibres

Answer 31

Parallel and Pennate

Question 32

What two parts make up the Iliopsoas

Answer 32

Iliacus & Psoas major