Lecture 25: Endocrine system Flashcards
(37 cards)
Define Homeostasis
the maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal
environment (ECF) in the face of external (or internal) change
What is blood glucose important for
ATP production
Particularly brain function
What is ECF osmolarity important for
Maintenance of normal cell volume
What is Calcium important for (ECF)
Bone and teeth structure
Neurotransmission and muscle contraction
Blood clotting and enzyme function
What is Potassium important for (ECF)
Main determinant of Resting Membrane Potential
Nerve and muscle Function
What is sodium important for (ECF)
ECF Volume
Action potential gradient
What is the normal range for blood glucose
3.5 – 6 mmol/L (fasting)
3.5 – 8 mmol/L (non-fasting)
What is the normal range for sodium
135 – 145 mmol/L
What is the normal range for calcium
2.2 to 2.6 mmol/L
What is the normal range for potassium
3.5 to 5 mmol/L
What is the normal range for ECF osmolarity
275-300 mosmol/L
What is the regulated variable in homeostasis
The variable that the system senses and tries to control
What is the set point in homeostasis
The target value of regulated variable
What is the reference range in homeostasis
The values of the regulated variable within normal limits
What is the most common type of homoeostatic control system
Negative feedback loop
What is feed forward homeostatic control
detection or anticipation of conditions that could disrupt homeostasis if some sort of preemptive action was not take
What is a major difference between the Endocrine system and the Nervous system
Endocrine is relatively slower, but generally longer lasting and more widespread action compared to the nervous system
When local hormones act on other nearby cells
Paracrine communication
When local hormones act on the same cell that secreted them
autocrine communication
What are prostaglandins
hormones involved in inflamation and pain
What are cytokines
Released by white blood cells during immune responses
What are the 3 classes of Hormones
Amino acid derivatives
Peptide hormones and protein hormones
Lipid Derivatives
What are amino acid derivatives
They can be synthesized by modifying amino acids
What is an important property about thyroid hormones that you must remember
That thyroid hormones are lipid soluble
