Lecture 10

Question 1

what did paul taylor start as

Answer 1

swimmer and painter

Question 2

when did paul taylor discover modern dance

Answer 2

university

Question 3

whose company did paul taylor join in 1953

Answer 3

martha graham

Question 4

besides martha grahams, who else’s company did paul taylor perform in

Answer 4

balanchine and cunningham

Question 5

what style did paul taylor perform

Answer 5

ballet and modern dance

Question 6

with which company did paul taylor spend most of his time

Answer 6

martha graham

Question 7

how similar was the work paul taylor created compared to martha grahams

Answer 7

didnt even vaguely resemble it, she called him the naughty boy because he was so different

• wanted to do everything in his work to get away from his work
• tried to find ways to annoy her

Question 8

costumes of paul taylor dancers

Answer 8

full body costumes, even covered their faces

Question 9

did paul taylor respect martha graham

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

during what era did paul taylor begin choreographing

Answer 10

an era of experimentation with minimalist movement

Question 11

how was paul taylor similar to cunningham

Answer 11

experimented with post modern ideas like minimalist movements

Question 12

paul taylor’s untitled duet

Answer 12

he and another dancer onstage, he stood and she sat on the stage, neither of them moving, for the 3 minute perfomance

Question 13

did paul taylor follow along his trend of minimalist movement

Answer 13

no, he soon embraced movement wholeheartedly

Question 14

what were the 3 categories of paul taylor’s choreographic characteristics

Answer 14

dancers are individuals
eclectic style
movement qualities

Question 15

paul taylor choreography: dancers are individuals

Answer 15

• real people with unique personalities and talents
• used different heights to celebrate differences in his dances
• choreography took advantage of the unique talents of each dancer (shows what they do best)

Question 16

what did paul taylor think was more important: the choreography or the company morale

Answer 16

company morale, the dancers wouldnt be performing well if they werent happy

Question 17

4 kinds of works paul taylor created

Answer 17

abstract
serious
satirical
humorous

Question 18

paul taylors abstract works

Answer 18

joyous celebrations of movement

• dancers smiling and happy onstage
• uplifting, playful, fun

Question 19

ex of paul taylors abstract works

Answer 19

aureole

esplanade

Question 20

paul taylors serious works

Answer 20

made social commentary

- had a theme

Question 21

ex of paul taylors serious works

Answer 21

banquet of vultures

- his version of the green table

Question 22

ex paul taylors satirical works

Answer 22

sea to shining sea

- ridiculed american icons like statue of liberty, kkk, superman

Question 23

paul taylors humorous works

Answer 23

situational humor
(not the movement) so something like slipping on a banana
- playful

Question 24

ex of paul taylors humorous works

Answer 24

trollies and cressida

- humorous version of shakespeares play

Question 25

3 ways paul taylor described his movement

Answer 25

lyric, dance scribbling, flat

Question 26

lyric style of paul taylors movement

Answer 26

long arms

Question 27

dance scribbling style of paul taylors movement

Answer 27

emphasis on action rather than shape or line in space, dancer never stops moving

Question 28

flat style of paul taylors movement

Answer 28

2d quality, like those on ancient greek vases

Question 29

paul taylor was one of the first modern choreographers to have his works performed by

Answer 29

ballet companies

Question 30

modern vs postmodern dance: | design and chance

Answer 30

``` m = design, performed the same each time and nothing left to chance pm = chance, cunninghams choreographic process left everything to chance ```

Question 31

modern vs postmodern dance: | centering and dispersal

Answer 31

``` m = centering, always a central focus pm = breaks down hierarchy of events, all equally important ```

Question 32

modern vs postmodern dance: | purpose and play

Answer 32

``` m = purpose, serious purpose pm = play, playing around with the movement, improvising ```

Question 33

modern vs postmodern dance: | art object/finished work and process

Answer 33

``` m = art object/finished work, created rehearsed and performed a work in its finished form pm = process, work performed while still in progress, wanted some feedback on it ```

Question 34

modern vs postmodern dance: | creation and deconstruction

Answer 34

``` m = creation pm = deconstruction = idea of pulling something apart, stripping it bare to its structure ```

Question 35

modern vs postmodern dance: | narrative and anti narrrative

Answer 35

``` m = narrative, tells a story about something, linear pm = anti narrative, not the absence of narrative or abstract but rather playing around with narrative, may tell a story backwards ```

Question 36

modern vs postmodern dance: | gender and androgynous

Answer 36

``` m = gender, distinct genders pm = androgynous, cant tell if male or female, may have same costumes ```

Question 37

modern vs postmodern dance: | readerly and writerly

Answer 37

``` m = readerly, choreographer has very specific idea to be communicated to the audience, want the audience to read it the way it was written pm = writerly, there are multiple interpretations, all equally valid interpretations, depends on the audience, audience is writing the meaning of the work ```

Question 38

who first used the term postmodern dance

Answer 38

yvonne rainer | - postmodern dancer/choreographer

Question 39

how did rainer mean the term postmodern dance

Answer 39

purely in the chronological sense, everything that happened after modern dance

Question 40

t or f: postmodern dance had an identifiable style in 1960s

Answer 40

false, didn't. rather was a shared attitude and philosophy in rejecting what had come before

Question 41

how many phases of postmodern dance

Answer 41

3

Question 42

phases of postmodern dance

Answer 42

1. breakaway period 2. analytic/metaphoric pm dance 3. return of content

Question 43

breakaway period of pm dance

Answer 43

choreographers were breaking away from the modern dance aesthetic - making dance more accessible to everyone as they thought it had become too elitist

Question 44

was cunninghams work and approach seen as too elitist by the pms

Answer 44

yes, it was highly technical (not everyone had access to the training in order to become one of his dancers), he only worked with highly trained dancers, he presented his work in theatres

Question 45

3 questions posed by pm choreographers

Answer 45

1. what is dance 2. where should it be performed 3. who should perform

Question 46

what is dance questions posed by pm choreographers

Answer 46

they expanded the definition to include non dance forms - dance could be anything - pedestrian movement (things people do in their everyday lives - sitting, walking, playing a game, sports) * if you moved it was called dancing it was about the context not the content, if you said you were creating a dance then it is a dance

Question 47

where should it be performed questions posed by pm choreographers

Answer 47

took dance out of the proscenium arch theatre and performed in a variety of different venues - art galleries, museums, sidewalks, rooftops - can be performed wherever someone wanted

Question 48

who should perform questions posed by pm choreographers

Answer 48

rejected the notion that only highly trained dancers could perform - used untrained dancers in their work - wanted to make dance more participatory created dance collectives rather than companies (number of choreographers who performed in each others works and presented them on the same evening

Question 49

why did pm choreographers think modern dance had become an elitist art

Answer 49

- required years of highly specialized training - not accessible to everyone - dance companies were elitist and hierarchical (dancers only performed the works of the artistic directors of the company they were with) - young choreographers were not given a chance to choreograph

Question 50

what was the most well known dance collective

Answer 50

judson church group

Question 51

judson church group

Answer 51

first dance recital held at judson memorial church theatre in NY - became the centre for experimental dane in the 60s and 70s - the bennington college for pm generation

Question 52

by when did pm dance develop an identifiable style

Answer 52

1970s | - 2 at this time: analytic and metaphoric

Question 53

analytic phase of pm dance

Answer 53

characterized by rejection of all the expressive elements of dance

Question 54

what did analytic pm dance look like

Answer 54

no real music, sometimes total silence - performers wore functional clothing - movement was objective /analytical /unemotional /nonexpressive /intellectual (thinking what you were doing)

Question 55

what did analytical pm dance place an emphasis on

Answer 55

deconstructing choreographic structure - the process of choreographing a dance would be revealed to the audience

Question 56

what was something not yet explored prior to analytic pm dance

Answer 56

choreographic devices/tools - repetition - retrograde

Question 57

repetition choreographic device/tool

Answer 57

repeating a movement over and over

Question 58

retrograde choreographic device/tool

Answer 58

sometimes called reverse | - as if you were rewinding a videotape

Question 59

what would asking for a movement in reverse mean today

Answer 59

doing it with the other side of the body

Question 60

t or f: choreographic devices were revealed to the audience

Answer 60

true

Question 61

what were invented and the accomplished or solved in pm analytic dances

Answer 61

rules, tasks and games | - set themselves tasks or challenges onstage and them accomplished them

Question 62

ex of analytic pm choreographer

Answer 62

trisha brown