Lecture 10: Feedstuffs : Classification Flashcards
(23 cards)
A feedstuff is any component ( ingredient) of a diet that serves a _______ function such as
useful
Provide a source of _____ ( protein, carbs, protein, minerals, vitamins
Modify _____ characteristics ( texture, flavor, odor, dust)
nutrients, diet
Feeds can be classified into_____ general groupings based on _______ content
4, nutrient
________ _______ Feed
TDN< 70%, NDF > 30%, CF >18%, CP<20%
High Roughage
______ _______ feed
TDN > 70%, NDF < 30%, CF < 18% CP < 20%
High Energy
______ ______ feed
TDN > 70%, NDF < 30%, CF < 18%, CP > 20%
High Protein
Other- minerals and vitamins and additives
Feeds can be classified into ___ major categories based on _________ content , and ________ characteristics ( processing) and other functions ( additives)
8, nutrient, physical
The 8 major categories are
1: Dry Roughages
2: Pasture and Range grasses
3: Ensiled Roughage
4: High Energy Concentrate
5: Protein sources
6: Mineral
7: Vitamins
8: Additives - Antibodies
1-3 are in the general groupings of High Roughage Feeds
All feeds have a ___________ feed # ( IFN)
The first digit of the IFN indicates the major feedstuff category.
International
One of the major factors that determines the international classification of a feed is , _______ content and proximate analysis.
nutrient
__________ analysis is the most common method to determine nutrient content of a feed
______________ ( DM)
Ash
________________ (CP)
_________________( CF)
_________________(EE)
__________________ (NFE)
Proximate
Dry Matter, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Ether Extract, and Nitrogen Free Extract
Dry matter is the _________ free fraction of the feed. Measured by drying feed in an oven at 100 degrees celcius
moisture
Ash is the ________ feed component ( estimates minerals ). Measured by burning feed in furnace at 550 degrees. celius
inorganic
Crude Protein is the ________ fraction of feed ( estimates total protein)
N x ______
Measure by chemical acid digestion ( kjeldah method) or by burning and measuring N gas ( LECO Method)
Nitrogen , 6.25
Crude Fiber is the __________ fraction of feed ( estimates fiber). Measured by boiling feed in acid and basic solution. Not a true measure of fiber, because some fiber dissolves in acid
indigestible
Ether Extract is the fraction that is _______ in ether ( measures fat). (fat soluble vitamins ) Measured by boiling feed in ether
fat
Nitrogen free extract is the fraction ___________ ( estimates starches and other highly digestible carbohydrates. ( Water soluble vitamins ) Measured by the difference ( 100- ash- CF- CP- EE)
remaining
Neutral detergent fiber ( NDF)
Pectin gets lost
Fraction containing 3 cell wall components
___________, ____________,________
Measured by washing feed in neutral detergent
Hemicellulose, Cellulose , Lignin
Acid detergent Fiber ( ADF)
Fraction containing 2 cell wall component
__________, _______
measured by washing feed in acid detergent
Cellulose and Lignin
Acid detergent lignin
( ADL)
Fraction containing 1 cell wall component
_______
Measured by exposing feed to strong acid
lignin
Total Digestible Nutrients ( TDN)
represents the relative ___________ of feed
measured by the sum of all organic nutrients that have been multipied by their digestion coefficients
digestible
Calorie system
measures the _______ avalibility of feedstuffs
measured by determining the amount of heat produced during complete combustion of feed.
The energy units are _______ ( heat requires to raise the temp of 1 gram of water from 14.5 degrees celsius to 15.5 degrees celsius
The calorie system partitions energy into
Gross Energy ( GE)
Digestible Energy ( DE)
Metabolizable Energy ( ME)
Net Energy ( NE)
ENERGY, CALORIE
