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Infection Systems > Lecture 10: Immunisations and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Immunisations and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

list the different types of vaccines

A
  • live (attenuated)
  • killed (inactivated)
  • detoxified exotoxin
  • subunit of micro-organism: purified microbial products, recombinant
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2
Q

list examples of live attenuated vaccines

A
  • measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
  • polio (oral)
  • BCG
  • varicella-zoster virus
  • yellow fever
  • typhoid (oral Ty21a)
  • rotavirus (oral)
  • smallpox
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3
Q

list examples of inactivated whole cell vaccines

A
  • polio (in combined vaccine)
  • influenza
  • hepatitis A
  • cholera
  • rabies
  • japanese encephalitis
  • tick-borne encephalitis
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4
Q

list examples of subunit vaccines

A
  • pertussis (acellular)
  • haemophilus influenza type B
  • meningococcus (group C)
  • Pneumococcus
  • hepatitis B
  • typhoid
  • anthrax
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5
Q

what vaccinations are offered at 2 months?

A
  • 6-in-1 vaccine
  • pneumococcal conjugate
  • rotavirus
  • Men B
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6
Q

what vaccinations are offered at 3 months old?

A
  • 6-in-1 vaccine
  • rotavirus
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7
Q

what vaccine is offered at age 4 months?

A
  • 6-in-1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B
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8
Q

what vaccinations are offered at 1 year old?

A
  • Hib/Men C
  • MMR
  • pneumococcal conjugate
  • men B
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9
Q

what vaccine is offered at age 2-8 years old?

A

influenza nasal

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10
Q

what vaccines are offered at age 3-5 years?

A
  • 4-in-1 booster (DTaP/IPV)
  • MMR
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11
Q

what vaccination is offered to girls aged 12-13?

A

HPV

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12
Q

what vaccination is offered at-14 years old?

A
  • 3-in-1 booster (dT/IPV)
  • Men ACWY
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13
Q

examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines

A
  • diptheria
  • tetanus
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14
Q

what substance is used to detoxify a toxin used for a vaccine?

A

formalin

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15
Q

give an example of a recombinant vaccine

A

hepatitis B

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16
Q

what are the components of the ‘6 in 1’ vaccine: Infanrix hexa?

A
  • D = purified diptheria toxoid
  • T = purified tetanus toxoid
  • aP = purified bordetella pertussis
  • IPV = inactivated polio virus
  • Hib = purified component of haemophilus infleunza B
  • HBV = hepatitis B rDNA
17
Q

what are the indications for the influenza vaccine?

A
  • age > 65
  • nursing home residents
  • some health care workers
  • immunodeficiency
  • immunosuppression
  • asplenia/hyposplenism
  • chronic liver/kidney/cardiac/lung disease
  • diabetes mellitus
  • coeliac disease
  • pregnant women
18
Q

describe passive immunisation with human normal immunoglobulin

A
  • contains antibodies against hep. A, rubella and measles
  • used in immunoglobulin deficiencies
  • treatment of some autoimmune disorders e.g. myasthenia gravis
19
Q

give examples of passive immunisations with a disease specific immunoglobulin (post-exposure)

A
  • hepatitis B Ig
  • rabies Ig
  • tetanus anti-toxin Ig
  • varicella zoster (chickenpox) Ig
  • diptheria anti-toxin Ig (horse)
  • botulinum anti-toxin Ig
20
Q

list the common immunisations given for travellers

A
  • tetanus
  • polio
  • typhoid
  • hepatitis A
  • yellow fever
  • cholera
21
Q

list immunisations for travellers given in special circumstances

A
  • meningococcus A, C, W, Y
  • rabies
  • diptheria
  • japanese B encephalitis
  • tick-borne encephalitis
22
Q

list the different types of prophylaxis

A
  • chemoprophylaxis against malaria
  • post-exposure prophylaxis e.g. ciprofloxacin for meningococcal disease
  • HIV post-exposure prohpylaxis
  • surgical antibiotic prophylaxis
23
Q

what is the ABCD of malaria prevention?

A
  • awareness of risk
  • bite prevention
  • chemoprophylaxis
  • diagnosis and treatment
24
Q

list some mosquito bit prevention measures

A
  • cover up at dawn and dusk
  • insect repellent sprays, lotions (DEET)
  • mosquito coils
  • permethrin-impregnated mosquito nets
25
Q

list the different chemoprophylaxis agents against malaria

A
  • Malarone (proquanil & atovaquone) daily
  • doxycycline daily
  • mefloquine weekly
  • chloroquine weekly + proquanil daily: for vivax/ovale/malariae only

choice depends on country

26
Q

list some side effects of mefloquine

A
  • psychosis, nightmares
  • avoid is history of psychosis, epilepsy
27
Q

malaria advice to travellers on return

A
  • any illness occuring within 1 year, and especially within 3 months of return, might be malaria.
  • patients should seek medical attention if they become ill, particularly within 3 months, and mention malaria risk.

Infection Systems (13 decks)

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