Lecture 10. Maslow

Question 1

The Holistic-dynamic theory is variously been called

Answer 1

humanistic theory, transpersonal theory, the third force in psychology, the fourth force in personality, needs theory, self actualization theory

Question 2

Maslow personality referred to as

Answer 2

referred to as a holistic-dynamic theory

Question 3

Holistic-dynamic theory assumes that

Answer 3

assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated (from birth to old age) by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health (self actualization).

Question 4

Humans have a higher nature than either _____ or ____ would suggest

Answer 4

Humans have a higher nature than either psychoanalysis (all our behaviors are rooted from our past or unconscious motives) or behaviorism (all our behaviors are products of conditioning) would suggest

Question 5

Humans have a higher nature than either psychoanalysis (all our behaviors are rooted from our past or unconscious motives) or behaviorism (all our behaviors are products of conditioning) would suggest, which has …

Answer 5

which has limited views of humanity and the nature of psychologically healthy individuals.

Question 6

Maslow’s birth order

Answer 6

Oldest of 7 children

Question 7

Maslow’s life was filled with

Answer 7

was filled with intense feelings of shyness, inferiority and depression and his lonely childhood in Brooklyn, not especially close to either parent.

Question 8

Maslow’s relationship with father

Answer 8

More tolerant with his often-absent father, but felt hated and deep-seated animosity, from childhood until the day she died.

Question 9

Maslow’s feeling towards her mother

Answer 9

never overcame the intense hatred to his mother despite several years of psychoanalysis.

Question 10

Maslow’s wife and family

Answer 10

Married his first cousin, Bertha, when he was 20 years old and had 2 daughters.

Question 11

Abe’s personal life was filled with

Answer 11

Abe’s personal life was filled with pain, both physical and psychological.

Question 12

Maslow’s personality during adolescence

Answer 12

As an adolescent he was terribly shy, unhappy, isolated and self-rejecting.

Question 13

How did he find inspiration in life?

Answer 13

only found inspiration in life when his wife showed mutual affection for him.

Question 14

Maslow’s later years

Answer 14

In his later years, he was often in poor physical health and almost in his deathbed, he expressed that being courageous is overcoming all the negatives (inhibitions, politeness, gentleness, timidities) but this always comes with a price (fatigue, tension, apprehension, bad sleep)

Question 15

What negatives did he mention during his later years?

Answer 15

negatives (inhibitions, politeness, gentleness, timidities)

Question 16

What prices did he mention during his later years?

Answer 16

price (fatigue, tension, apprehension, bad sleep)

Question 17

Maslow’s view of motivation

Answer 17

Holistic approach

Question 18

Maslow’s view of motivation is usually

Answer 18

usually complex — several separate motives, needs, unconscious

Question 19

People are continually motivated by __ need or ___

Answer 19

People are continually motivated by one need or another

Question 20

All people everywhere are motivated by the same?

Answer 20

All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs; universal for all individuals

Question 21

Physiological Needs

Answer 21

Basic of all the five needs

Question 22

5 hierarchy of needs

Answer 22

Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Love and Belonging Needs, Esteem Needs, Self-Actualization

Question 23

Physiological Needs differ from the rest of the needs in at least two important respects;

Answer 23

Can be completely/overly satisfied
Recurring nature

Question 24

Safety Needs

Answer 24

Physical security, stability, dependency, protection and freedom from threatening forces such as war, illness, terrorism etc.

Question 25

Love and Belonging Needs

Answer 25

Desire for having friends, partner, settling with family and children, associated with clubs or to belong in the neighbourhood

Question 26

Esteem Needs

Answer 26

Include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem

Question 27

Self-esteem is based on

Answer 27

Self-esteem is based on real competence and not merely on others’ opinions.

Question 28

Maslow's view on esteem

Answer 28

For Maslow, the esteem you receive based on what people give or recognize you is different from the esteem you have for yourself

Question 29

Two Levels of Esteem Needs

Answer 29

Reputation, Self-esteem

Question 30

Reputation

Answer 30

perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others

Question 31

Self-esteem

Answer 31

a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence

Question 32

Self-Actualization

Answer 32

include self-fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word

Question 33

For Maslow, people who have reached the level of self-actualization become,

Answer 33

For Maslow, people who have reached the level of self-actualization become fully human, satisfying needs that others merely aspire of, glimpse or never view at all

Question 34

Originally, aesthetic and cognitive needs are not in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs because

Answer 34

Originally, aesthetic and cognitive needs are not in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs because these two would not be universal to all people, merely specific to cultures or depending on a person.

Question 35

Transcendence

Answer 35

the desire to move beyond ourselves.

Question 36

People seeking to fulfill their Transcendent needs may be motivated by

Answer 36

People seeking to fulfill their Transcendent needs may be motivated by helping others or becoming wholly driven by factors that do not personally impact them.

Question 37

The five needs are conative needs which means

Answer 37

have a striving or motivational character and are called the basic needs, with each step representing a higher need but one less basic to survival.

Question 38

Lower needs comparing with higher needs

Answer 38

Lower needs have prepotency over higher needs

Question 39

Aesthetic Needs

Answer 39

unlike conative needs, it depends on culture and the person.

Question 40

Cognitive Needs

Answer 40

the desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, to be curious

Question 41

Neurotic Needs

Answer 41

lead to stagnation and pathology.

Question 42

Neurotic Needs is usually

Answer 42

Usually reactive, a compensation for unsatisfied basic needs.

Question 43

Examples of Neurotic Needs

Answer 43

Like having a hoarding drive and pathological relationship

Question 44

Acc. to Maslow, lower needs are the basis on

Answer 44

Acc. to Maslow, lower needs are the basis on how an individual can reach or the percentage of probability to reach the highest need.

Question 45

The more the lower need is satisfied and high percentage...

Answer 45

The more the lower need is satisfied and high percentage, the greater the probability for the next level to be satisfied as well

Question 46

6 general discussions of needs

Answer 46

reversed order of needs, unmotivated behavior, expressing and coping behavior, deprivation of needs, instinctoid nature of needs, comparison of higher and lower needs

Question 47

Cause of why needs are reversed

Answer 47

There are some unconscious motivations underlying our behavior

Question 48

Unmotivated behavior

Answer 48

believed that even though all behaviors have a cause, some behaviors are not motivated

Question 49

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as

Answer 49

Some behavior is not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or influence of drugs.

Question 50

Motivation is limited to

Answer 50

Motivation is limited to the striving for the satisfaction of some need

Question 51

Expressive Behavior

Answer 51

often an end in itself and serves no other purpose than to be frequently unconscious and usually takes place naturally and with little effort.

Question 52

Expressive Behavior includes

Answer 52

includes such actions as slouching, looking stupid, being relaxed, showing anger, and expressing joy

Question 53

Expressive behavior can continue even..

Answer 53

can continue even in the absence of reinforcement or reward like a frown, a blush, or a twinkle of the eye is not ordinarily specifically reinforced, just happens naturally.

Question 54

expressive behavior is usually

Answer 54

usually unlearned, spontaneous, and determined by forces within the person rather than by the environment

Question 55

coping behavior

Answer 55

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned (from previous experience), and determined by the (what is appropriate in the) external environment we have

Question 56

Coping behavior involves

Answer 56

involves the individual’s attempts to cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others

Question 57

Deprivation of needs

Answer 57

Lack of satisfaction with any of the basic needs leads to some kind of pathology

Question 58

metapathology

Answer 58

absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

Question 59

Deprivation of physiological needs leads to

Answer 59

Deprivation of physiological needs → malnutrition, fatigue, loss of energy, obsession with sex, and so on.

Question 60

Threats to one’s safety results to

Answer 60

Threats to one’s safety → fear, insecurity, and dread.

Question 61

When love needs go unfulfilled,

Answer 61

When love needs go unfulfilled → a person becomes defensive, overly aggressive, or socially timid.

Question 62

Lack of esteem

Answer 62

Lack of esteem → illnesses of self-doubt, self-depreciation, and lack of confidence.

Question 63

Deprivation of self-actualization needs also leads to

Answer 63

Deprivation of self-actualization needs also leads to pathology, or more accurately, metapathology

Question 64

Instinctoid Nature of needs

Answer 64

Maslow (1970) hypothesizes that some human needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

Question 65

4 Criteria for Self-Actualization

Answer 65

Free from psychopathology — neither neurotic nor psychotic nor did they have a tendency toward psychological disturbances Had progressed through the hierarchy of needs and therefore lived above the subsistence level of existence and had no ever present threat to their safety Embracing the B-values, felt comfortable with and even demanded truth, beauty, justice, simplicity, humor and other B-values Full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, potentialities fulfilled their needs to grow, to develop and to increasingly become what they were capable of becoming.

Question 66

B-values

Answer 66

indicators for psychological health — metaneeds (metamotivation)

Question 67

14 b-values

Answer 67

Truth Goodness Beauty Wholeness or Transcendence of dichotomies (naalign mo yung dichotomies mo) Aliveness or spontaneity Uniqueness Perfection Completion Justice and order Simplicity Richness or totality Effortlessness Playfulness or humor Self-sufficiency or autonomy

Question 68

15 Characteristics of Self-Actualizing People

Answer 68

1. More efficient perception of reality 2. Acceptance of self, others and nature 3. Spontaneity, simplicity and naturalness 4. Problem-centering 5. The need for privacy 6. Autonomy 7. Continued freshness of appreciation 8. The peak experience 9. Gemeinschaftsgefuhl (Adler's term for social interest, community feeling or a sense of oneness with all humanity 10. Profound interpersonal relations 11. The democratic character structure 12. Discrimination between means and ends 13. Philosophical sense of humor 14. Creativeness 15. Resistance to enculturation

Question 69

Jonah complex

Answer 69

fear of being one’s best

Question 69

Jonah complex is characterized by

Answer 69

Characterized by attempts to run away from one’s destiny, representing a fear of success, a fear of being one’s best, and feeling of awesomeness in the presence of beauty and perfection

Question 70

Everyone has a private ambition to be great, to be famous, to be known, but

Answer 70

but compare themselves with those who have accomplished greatness, they are appalled by their own arrogance, thus lower their aspirations, feel stupid and humble, adopt the self-defeating approach of running away from the realization of their full potential.

Question 71

Psychotherapy in Maslow (aim)

Answer 71

Aim of therapy is to embrace the B-values

Question 72

Individuals in Psychotheraphy must

Answer 72

Must be free from their dependency on others so that their natural impulse toward growth and self-actualization could become active

Question 73

Maslow psychotherapy is largely on

Answer 73

It is largely an interpersonal process and through a warm, loving, interpersonal relationship with the therapist, the client gains satisfaction of love and belongingness needs and thereby acquires feelings of confidence and self-worth.

Question 74

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being

Answer 74

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being unscientific, using uncontrolled and unreliable research techniques.

Question 75

3 evaluation of Maslow's theory

Answer 75

Maslow’s theory has been criticized as being unscientific, using uncontrolled and unreliable research techniques. His subjects were partially selected and has personal attachment to him Some individuals seem to become productive and creative even though they have not embraced all the B values or not yet reached self-actualization. He tended to use ambiguous terms and inconsistent with parts of his theory.