Lecture ( ). Rogers

Question 1

Person centered theory changes in name

Answer 1

“Nondirective” approach

“client-centered” “student-centered” “person-centered” “group-centered” “person-to-person”

Question 2

Person centered theory was more concerned

Answer 2

Was more concerned with helping people than discovering why they behaved as they did

Question 3

Person centered theory is built on

Answer 3

Theory is built on the experiences as a therapist

Question 4

Carl’s personal life was marked by

Answer 4

Personal life was marked by change and openness to experience

Question 5

Carl Rogers own family

Answer 5

Married Ellen Helliot in 1924, and had 2 children – David and Natalie

Question 6

Rogers grew to become a leading proponent of the notion that

Answer 6

Grew to become a leading proponent of the notion that the interpersonal relationship between two individuals is a powerful ingredient that cultivates psychological growth within both persons.

Question 7

Rogers birth order

Answer 7

4th of 6 children

Question 8

Roger’s relationship to parents

Answer 8

Closer to his mother than to his father, who, during the early years, was often away from home working as a civil engineer

Question 9

Roger’s first published book

Answer 9

The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child (1939)

Question 10

Roger is the first president of

Answer 10

First president of the American Association for Applied Psychology & first president of the American Academy of Psychotherapists

Question 11

2 Basic Assumptions of Person-Centered Theory

Answer 11

Formative & Actualizing Tendency

Question 12

Formative Tendency

Answer 12

Rogers believed that there is a tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms

Question 13

Formative Tendency is what kind of process

Answer 13

A creative process, rather than a disintegrative one, is in operation for the entire universe

Question 14

Actualizing Tendency refers to

Answer 14

Refers to organismic experiences of the individual, that is, refers to the whole person

Question 15

Actualizing Tendency

Answer 15

Tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion of fulfillment of potentials

Question 16

2 needs in actualizing tendency

Answer 16

Need for maintenance and enhancement

Question 17

Only motive that people possess

Answer 17

Actualizing tendency

Question 18

Actualization involves the

Answer 18

Actualization involves the whole person – physiological and intellectual, rational and emotional, conscious and unconscious

Question 19

Need for maintenance is similar to

Answer 19

Similar to the lower steps on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 20

Need for maintenance includes the basic needs such as

Answer 20

air, food, safety

Question 21

Need for maintenance includes

Answer 21

the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo

Question 22

Need for maintenance is expressed

Answer 22

Expressed in people’s desire to protect their current, comfortable self-concept

Question 23

Need for Enhancement

Answer 23

Need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth

Question 24

Need for enhancement is seen in

Answer 24

Seen in people’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately rewarding

Question 25

People are willing to face threat and pain because

Answer 25

People are willing to face threat and pain because of a biologically based tendency for the organism to fulfill its basic nature

Question 26

Need for maintenance is expressed in various forms such as

Answer 26

Curiosity Playfulness Self-exploration Friendship Confidence

Question 27

Self-actualization potential

Answer 27

limited to humans

Question 28

3 necessary and sufficient conditions for becoming a fully functioning or self-actualizing person

Answer 28

3 necessary and sufficient conditions for becoming a fully functioning or self-actualizing person: Congruence or empathy Unconditional positive regard Empathy

Question 29

Subset of the actualization tendency and therefore not synonymous with it

Answer 29

Self-actualization

Question 30

Self-actualization

Answer 30

Tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness

Question 31

Self-concept

Answer 31

Includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness by the individual

Question 32

2 self subsytems

Answer 32

Self-concept and Ideal self

Question 33

One’s view of self as one wishes to be

Answer 33

Ideal self

Question 34

Ideal Self contains

Answer 34

Contains all those attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess

Question 35

Awareness

Answer 35

“the symbolic representation of some portion of our experience”

Question 36

Awareneness is used synonymously with

Answer 36

Used synonymously with both consciousness and symbolization

Question 37

Three Levels of Awareness

Answer 37

Ignored or Denied, Accurately Symbolized, Distorted

Question 38

Ignored or Denied

Answer 38

Events experienced below the threshold of awareness

Question 39

Freely admitted to the self-structure

Answer 39

Accurately Symbolized

Question 40

Accurately Symbolized

Answer 40

Nonthreatening and consistent with the existing self-concept

Question 41

Distorted

Answer 41

Happens when our experience is not consistent with our view of self, so that it can be assimilated into our existing self-concept

Question 42

2 concepts in becoming a person

Answer 42

Contact and Positive Regard

Question 43

Minimum experience necessary for becoming a person

Answer 43

Contact

Question 44

Positive Regard

Answer 44

A need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person

Question 45

Positive Regard can be partially satisfied

Answer 45

Partially satisfied if we perceive that others care for, prize, or value us

Question 46

Once positive regard is established,

Answer 46

Once established, it becomes independent of the continual need to be loved

Question 47

Positive self-regard

Answer 47

Experience of prizing or valuing one’s self

Question 48

Barriers to Psychological Health

Answer 48

Conditions of Worth, Incongruence, Defensiveness, Disorganization,

Question 49

Received instead of unconditional positive regard

Answer 49

Conditions of worth

Question 50

In Conditions of worth, people perceive that their parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only if?

Answer 50

They perceive that their parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only if they meet those people’s expectations and approval

Question 51

Conditions of worth may lead to

Answer 51

May lead to a somewhat false self-concept, one based on distortions and denials

Question 52

Perceptions of other people’s view of us

Answer 52

External Evaluations

Question 53

External Evaluations

Answer 53

Do not foster psychological health but rather prevent us from being completely open to our own experiences

Question 54

External evaluation results to

Answer 54

Results into experiencing incongruence

Question 55

Incongruence

Answer 55

Variance between the organism and the self

Question 56

Source of psychological disorders

Answer 56

Incongruence

Question 57

Incongruence leads to

Answer 57

Leads to discrepant and seemingly inconsistent behaviors

Question 58

The greater the incongruence between our perceived self (self-concept) and our organismic experience,

Answer 58

The greater the incongruence between our perceived self (self-concept) and our organismic experience, the more vulnerable we are

Question 59

Incongruence begins when

Answer 59

Begins when we fail to recognize our organismic experiences as self—experiences: that is, when we do not accurately symbolize organismic experiences into awareness because they appear to be inconsistent with our emerging self-concept

Question 60

People are vulnerable when

Answer 60

People are vulnerable when they are unaware of the discrepancy between their organismic self and their significant experience

Question 61

Unpleasant or uncomfortable feelings

Answer 61

Anxiety and Threat

Question 62

Anxiety and Threat

Answer 62

Experienced as we gain awareness of such an incongruence

Question 63

A state of uneasiness or tension whose cause is unknown

Answer 63

Anxiety

Question 64

Awareness that our self is no longer whole or congruent

Answer 64

Threat

Question 65

Defensiveness

Answer 65

Protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it

Question 66

Two Chief Defenses

Answer 66

Distortion and Denial