Lecture 10 - Speech Production Flashcards
What is Language Production?
- Communicating concepts in your head, and putting concept into words to communicate to someone else
- Thought to ideas to communication to speech
How do you go from thought to speech? (Producing language)
- Thought/message: concepts to be communicated, not in linguistic form
- Word selection and syntax: selection and organisation of lexical items: look through lexicon, contains syntactic category
- Phonological planning: sound structure of each word is built
- Articulation: using the muscles
How do we comprehend language?
- Feature detection: hearing sound
- Phoneme recognition
- Word recognition and syntax
- Semantic integration
Describe Word selection and syntax in depth:
- Look through lexicon to find valid words
- Lexicon will contain information about syntactic categories e.g verb, noun etc.
- Map into the structure the words chosen
Describe phonological planning in depth:
- Pronouncing words
- Sound of word changes on where it is in the sentence, and words before/after it.
- Via phoneme mapping, construction not memorising
- Mistakes mean you are planning the word in the mind, rather than using a fixed word
What are non-anomalous anomalies?
Structure in the errors we make
How to classify lexical errors? (SAP DIES)
Source of error
- Anticipatory error: we anticipate a word coming up and use it quickly e.g the sky is in the sky, a substitution occur, let the house of the cat, exchange error
- Preservatory
- Semantic
Change:
- Substituition
- Exchange
- Insertion
- Deletion
What do lexical errors show?
- We plan sentences in advance due to exchanges/anticipations
- Syntactic category rule: verbs exchange wit verbs and nouns exchange with nouns, preserve knowledge of syntax
What is the syntactic frame model?
Normally:
- Lexicon specifies the part of speech for each word, e.g noun in lexicon links to noun in frame.
Errors:
- Linking process is wrong
- Noun 1 from lexicon links to noun 2 from frame, BUT lexical specification Is maintained due to syntactic category rule
e.g the sky is in the sky, sky is connected to sun, but sun is linked wrongly
How do you classify phoneme errors? (NAP DIESS)
Source:
- Anticipatory
- Perseveratory
- Noncontextual
Change:
- Substitution
- Exchange
- Insertion
- Deletion
- Shift
What do phoneme errors show?
- Planning 3/4 syllables in advance = exchanges/subs
- Consonant/Vowel rule: con swap with other cons, vowels swap with vowels
What do speech errors tell us?
- Planning in advanced
- Use of a frame for speech production: Syntactic category rule and phonological category rules
What are problems with speech errors?
- Only one target: listen to large amounts of speech to classify what errors are in it, know what they said, not their intentions to say
- Evidence we are not good at perceiving speech errors
What are experimental speech errors?
- SLIP technique: makes people error in speech
- Shows speech in a computer, ppts say words silently until bell rings and they have to say them out loud, the one out loud elicits an error
- 30% predicted speech errors
- Lexical bias effect: more likely to make errors that result in real words
What are Freudian slips?
- Psycholinguistic approach: slips can be studied linguistically without reference of their motivation
- Freudian approach: slips arise from concurrent action (2 diff intentions)
- Intended meaning + disturbed intention = speech error
