Lecture 10: Stress, Coping and Health

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

feeling of emotional strain/pressure

Question 1

zoe’s procrastination skills

how stress works

Answer 1

stimulus - “there’s all kinds of stress in my life”
response - “i’m feeling stressed out”
organism-environment interaction

Question 2

cat warfare meme

stress indicators

Answer 2

1. intensity/severity
2. duration
3. predictability
4. controllability
5. Chronicity

Question 3

i triple dawg dare u to poke that bear with a stick bear is pissed off

cognitive appraisal

Answer 3

• demands (primary)
• resources (secondary)
• consequences
• meaning of consequences

Question 4

NOOO CONSEQUENCES NOOOOOOOOO

effects of cognitive appraisal

Answer 4

• worry
• racing thoughts
• low self confidence
• expecting the worst
• feeling hopeless

Question 5

types of physiological responses

Answer 5

• Sympathetic arousal
• stress hormones

Question 6

effects physiological responses

Answer 6

• muscle tension
• elevated heart rate
• shortness of breathe
• increased susceptibility to illness

Question 7

maddie procrastination skill + keeley’s need for alcohol

coping and task behaviours

Answer 7

• task-irrelevant responses
• behavioural rigidity/disorganization
• self-destructive behaviours (substance abuse, alcohol etc…)

Question 8

stressor

Answer 8

events that place a strong demand on us that endanger our well-being

(physical or psychological)

Question 9

microstressors

Answer 9

daily hassles and everyday annoyances we encounter

Question 10

catastrophic events

Answer 10

war, natural disaster, etc

Question 11

major negative events

Answer 11

crime, abuse, death, career failure, major illness, etc

Question 12

history of among us

measuring stressful life events

Answer 12

1. history of the person
2. self report measures

Question 13

what is stress?

Answer 13

1. start by appraising situation and implications for us
2. make mistakes and distort our appraisal at any point in progress

Question 14

actually do the triple dawg dare

appraising situation and implications

Answer 14

1. appraisal of the demands (primary appraisal)
2. appraisal of the resources available to deal with it (secondary appraisal)
3. judgment of consequences of situation
4. appraisal of personal meaning – what outcome might imply about us

Question 15

biological aspects of stress

Answer 15

1. HPA-Axis
2. CRH (stress response)
3. CRH stimulates pituit
4. ACTH travels to kidney’s where it stimulates adrenal glands to release cortisol
5. high lvls of cortisol trigger hypothalamus and hippocampus to stop stress hormone

Question 16

HPA-Axis

Answer 16

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

(huge penis attraction)

Question 17

CRH

Answer 17

external stressors trigger hypothalamus to release corticotropin-releasing hormone

(car really hot)

Question 18

ACTH

Answer 18

adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ants cuck the horse)

Question 19

what is stress?: Physiological

Answer 19

activation of sympathetic nervous system and release of stress hormones

Question 20

how does stress work physiologically?

Answer 20

1. increase heart rate & respiration to get oxygen-rich blood to muscles
2. slow down digestion allow blood to be diverted from muscles
3. pupils dilate to increase amount of light coming into eye and enhance vision
4. immune system is suppressed to reduce inflammation/swelling of tissue

Question 21

what is stress?: response system

Answer 21

1. fight-flight-freeze
2. parasympathetic nervous system activates to reduce arousal

Question 22

fight-flight-freeze

Answer 22

1. if stressor continues, stress-response will continue and body remains vigilant
2. resistance and bodies continued mobilization of resources so that we can function despite presence of stressors
3. bodies resources become depleted, exhaustion takes place

Question 23

stress: exhaustion untreated

Answer 23

1. lead to greater increase in disease, collapse and death
2. system breakdown is usually the weakest

Question 24

system breakdown stress

Answer 24

1. cardiovascular (heart disease, heart attacks, stroke) 2. psychological (mood disorders, psychotic episodes) 3. immune system (possibility of developing disease/infection)

Question 25

positive association btwn negative life events

Answer 25

1. reported symptoms of psychological distress 2. third variable causation (never trust correlations for causation)

Question 26

triangle of stress

Answer 26

1) negative life event scores 2) Psychological distress 3) third possible factor (ex. neuroticism)

Question 27

stressful events correlate with immediate health effects: examples

Answer 27

1. LA earthquake # of heart attacks increase 2. death of spouse people show higher mortality rates then married people

Question 28

high stress association diseases examples

Answer 28

1. arthritis 2. bronchitis 3. stomach/intestinal uclers 4. heart disease 5. asthma 6. migraines

Question 29

immune system functioning

Answer 29

1. increase risk of illness 2. couples who experience conflict had immune system decrease 3. eating comfort foods that are usually less healthy 4. engaging in activities to "unwind" that are less healthy

Question 30

brain functioning and cortisol

Answer 30

prolonged exposure to hippocampus (important to memory and learning) leads to deterioration and memory impairment

Question 31

vulnerability factors

Answer 31

increase people's susceptibility to stressful events

Question 32

protective factors

Answer 32

environmental or personal resources that help people cope for effectively with stress

Question 33

what are coping skills and protective factors

Answer 33

- social support - coping skills - personality factors - mental framework

Question 34

social support

Answer 34

knowing we can rely on others for help and support in a time of crisis

Question 35

facts of social systems

Answer 35

1. social symptoms increase sense of identity and meaning 2. increased positive feelings with friends 3. sharing of resources -- money, food, knowledge/advice 4. social pressure to prevent maladaptive coping

Question 36

social isolation

Answer 36

lack of social support

Question 37

facts of social isolation

Answer 37

1. controlling for medical factors, people with weak social ties have increased mortality rates then people with strong ties 2. effect was stronger for men then women

Question 38

types of vulnerability/protective factor

Answer 38

1. individual 2. family 3. extrafamilial context

Question 39

individual

Answer 39

- good intellectual function - appealing, socialable, easygoing disposition - talents - faith

Question 40

family

Answer 40

- close relationship to caring parent figure - authoritative parenting; warmth, structure, high expectations - socioeconomic advantages - connections to extended supportive family

Question 41

extrafamilial context

Answer 41

- bonds to prosocial adults outside the family - connections to prosocial organization - attending effective schools

Question 42

hardiness

Answer 42

stress-protective factors and personality traits that characterize the ability to cope effectively with stress

Question 43

commitment to...

Answer 43

- work - families - believe what they're doing is important

Question 44

control

Answer 44

- internal locus of control - belief they have control over outcomes as opposed to being powerless to influence events

Question 45

challenge

Answer 45

- look at demands of situation as opportunity rather threat, stimulating higher levels of performance