lecture 11/12- feline virology Flashcards by Abigail Brett

what is FIP?

feline infectious peritonitis

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what kind of virus is FIP?

coronavirus (mutated FeCV)

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how does the replication of FIP differ from FeCV?

FeCV only replicates in epithelial cells lining the gut (enterocytes)

FIP infects and replicates in macrophages / monocytes –> spreads infection systemically

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does FIPV or FeCV remain in the body without signs for years?

FeCV

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why is diffucult to diagnose FIP with RT-PCR?

short viremia (peak at 7 days)

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is FIPV transmissible from cat to cat?

no- only experimentally

(unsure why)

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what are the symptoms if a cat is infected with FeCoV?

usually asymptomatic, sometimes enteritis, (VERY RARE: fatal enteritis)

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how do FCoV I and II differ in regards to their infection patterns?

FCoV I: transiently infected for 2-3 months, then either free of virus or are persistently infected (carriers)

FCoVII: shed virus for 2 weeks , no carriers

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what are the 4 possible outcomes if a cat is infected with FCoV?

resistent (5-10%)
transient infection (70%)
persistent infection (13%)
FIP (1-3%)

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what is the structure and replication strategy of coronaviruses?

+ ssRNA, enveloped, large

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where is the FIP mutation situated?

spike protein cleavage site

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how did FCoV type 2 strains come to be?

double recombination

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a cat presents with a distended abdomen, fever, high specific gravity of ascites fluid, and opthalmological signs… what are you concerned about?

FIP

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what might you see in the eyes of a cat that would make you suspicious of FIP?

ocular lesions, uveitis, discolorization

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what is more difficult to diagnose, wet or dry FIP?

dry FIP is more difficult to diagnose

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what makes dry FIP differ from wet FIP?

in the wet form, obvious fluid build-up is present within the abdomen and chest.

In the dry form, inflammatory cells accumulate in various organs, such as the liver, kidneys, eyes, and brain.

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why would you look for mRNA in blood to diagnose FIP? (Antech has a test for this)

indicates active replication of virus in blood

not a definitive test

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what are the treatment options for FIP

hush hush black market drug (GS)

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what is FIV

Feline immunodeficiency virus

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what is FeLV

feline leukemia virus

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what is the family and genus of FIV?

family: retroviridae
genus: Lentivirus

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what is the family and genus of FeLV

Retroviridae
gammaretrovirus

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what is the structure and replication strategy of lentiviruses?

what cat viruses is are lentiviruses

+ ssRNA
enveloped
surface proteins,
with dimers of
single-stranded
RNA

retrovirus

FIV

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what are the clades of FIV? which are in Canada?

A, B, C, D

Canada has B and C

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what are the coreceptors of FIV? what human disease is this identical to?

CXCR4 and CCR5 identical to HIV

in what cells does FIV replicate?

differentiated cells like B-cells, Astrocytes, Mφ, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

how is FIV transmitted?

bite wounds, bodily fluid (like HIV)

what are the stages of FIV infection?

acute phase: mild febrile asymptomatic phase: slow progression symptomatic phase/AIDS

immunologically, what happens to lymphocytes when a cat is infected with FIV

over time, CD4+ and T cells decrease, thus making the immune system of cats highly susceptible to severe disease.

an older cat has been into your vet clinic repeatedly with various infectious and illnesses.... what alarm bells might go off? what should you do now?

FIV- AIDS do the snap test

can you manage FIV? how?

yes - avoid stressful situations, prevent fighting / opportunities for infection

what cats are at a higher risk for FIV?

- shelter / rescues cats - strays - outdoor cats - intact males remember, fighting is a common way that the virus is transmitted!!!

a cat presents for being dyspnic. she has enlarged lymph nodes and tumors everywhere... what are we worried about

FeLV

How is FeLV transmitted

— contact with saliva during (mutual grooming and, sharing of food dishes) — Nasal secretions — blood — Feces — mother's milk

what are the possible outcomes if a cat is exposed to FeLV?

1) complete virus elimination ("regressor cat" with high levels of neutralizing Abs and don't ever experience systemic viral spread) or 2) transient viremia [both can happen within days of exposure] transient viremia can progress to viremia in ~3 weeks, resulting in either a latent infection or lifelong infection after 3-13 wks; latent infections develop an immune response that contains viral replication but does not eliminate the virus while lifelong infection has the virus actively replicating in local lymphoid tissues (bone marrow, mucosal and glandular epithelial tissues)

at what age are cats typically infected with FeLV?

younger than 16 weeks

what is the most important factor that determines the clinical outcome of a cat infected with FeLV?

age!!! rare to be infected after 16 weeks

what are the clinically important subgroups of FeLV? which group is the natural original infection?

A, B, C, T All naturally infected cats are originally infected by FeLV-A, or its mutants.

FeLV-A and enFeLV can recombine to form

FeLV-B

true or false: FeLV-B needs FeLV-A as a helper virus to enable full replication

true FeLV-A and enFeLV can recombine to form FeLV-B... there can be more than one B-vairant withn a cat

when should you vaccinate a cat for FeLV? what are you concerned about if you do vaccinate?

only recommended for outdoor cats (or consider the lifestyle) concerned about injection site sarcomas with vaccines in cats

what feline virus causes viral rhinotracheitis

feline herpesvirus

what is the geographical distribution of FHV?

worldwide

what is the order, family, subfamily, and genus of FHV?

Herpesvirales Herpesviridae Alphaherpesvirinae Varicellovirus

what is the replication strat of FHV

herpes so dsNA establishes latency / can be reactivated

a cat presents with sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctival hyperameia, and serous discharge. what virus is your top differential?

FHV (classical acute disease)

which virus describes the following clinical signs: nasal and facial ulcerated and crust forming lesions, severe systemic signs, coughing, death

FHV (atypical disease)

what virus is associated with "fading kitten syndrome"

FHV atypical acute disease

what is seen with chronic /immune mediated disease of FHV

corneal oedema, vascularisation, blindness, chronic sneezing, nasal discharge

what is FCV

feline calicivirus

what is the family and genus of FCV?

Caliciviridae Vesivirus

what is the structure/replication strat of FCV?

small, single, + RNA

how is FCV spread in cats with acute disease

oral and nasal secretions

what is the transmission pattern of FCV

shed in oral and nasal secretions during acute phase, and continues shedding for at least 30 days post-infection several shed for years or lifelong

true or false: FCV is NOT widespread

false- it is widespread

a cat presents sneezing, has serous nasal discharge, and has oral ulcerations (as well as fever and anorexia)..... what virus are you concerned about

feline calicivirus (FCV)

cats infected with FCV are often coinfected with.... (3)

FHV, chlamydia felis, or Mycoplasma felis

what is a distinctive gross lesion of FCV

oral ulcerations

does FCV usually resolve spontaneously?

yessir- after a few days you still might wanna treat symptoms though

is disease more severe in young or old cats when infected with FCV

young cats get more severe dz

what virus is associated with feline chronic gingivostomatitis ? what is this?

FCV FCGS is debilitating feline dental disease marked by severe and chronic inflammation of a cat's gingiva and mucosa

what feline virus is associated with limping syndrome? does it go away?

FCV- yes it goes away

what feline virus is associate with paw and mouth disease? where does this occur, geographically

FCV- is rare and occurs in Australia

with really really severe FCV, what is a possible disease? does it have a high mortality? can we vaccinate?

VS-FCV (virulent systemic) facial edema (vasculitis) and hair loss high mortality vaccines do not protect

what kind of virus is feline panleukopenia?

parvovirus

what is structure and replication strat of FPV? what does this mean regarding stability of the virus

non enveloped, small, ss DNA (its parvo) VERY environmentally stable

where does FPV replicate?

lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen, bone marrow) and other rapidly dividing cells (intestine, bone marrow, and embryonic tissue)

what happens after intrauterine infection of FPV?

FPV antigen is present in cerebellum of kittens for weeks

true or false: persistent infection and viral shedding is common with FPV

false

what body systems would be impacted if a kitten becomes infected with FPV?

CNS (cerebellum) GI

what is H5N1

highly pathogenic avian influenza

what is the significance of H5N1 in regards to feline disease?

H5N1 infection has been documented in tigers after eating infected chicken carcasses

what is significant regarding cats and cowpox? how is it transmitted? should you be concerned?

they can get it! transmitted through rodents zoonotic - yes use precautions

what is a potential pathology of cowpox infection in cats?

pulmonary cowpox

how can Sars-CoV-2 be transmitted between cats and humans? what is the genus ?

human to cat cat to cat cat to human not documented, but likely possible genus is Betacoronavirus