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A/P > Lecture 11/4: CV Biophysics Overview Pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 11/4: CV Biophysics Overview Pt 1 Flashcards

Final

1
Q

What organ is a major part of the circulatory system?

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

CVS =

A

Cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Transporting nutrients to tissues
  2. transporting waster products away from tissues
  3. Circulating hormones released from the endocrine system into the CVS
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4
Q

Describe units: Volume

A

A size

Ex) L, ml, gallon

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5
Q

Describe units: Velocity

A

distance/time

Ex) miles/hr

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6
Q

Describe units: Pressure

A

Force

Ex) mmHg or cmH2O

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7
Q

Describe units: Area

A

Also a size

Ex) cross-sectional

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8
Q

Describe units: Blood Flow

A

Volume/time

Ex) ml/min or dL/min

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9
Q

What factors influence blood flow?

A

-Vascular resistance (or vascular conductance)
-Blood pressure

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10
Q

__________ determines what type of pressure we have

A

Vascular resistance

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11
Q

What is another name for a point in the aorta where vascular resistance is created?

A

choke point

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12
Q

What happens when vascular resistance in the aorta is increased: Blood flow; pressure before choke point; pressure after?

A

Blood flow: decreased

Pressure before: increased

Pressure after: decreased

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13
Q

What happens to blood flow when you decrease vascular resistance?

A

increase

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14
Q

What drives blood flow? Give an example. What alters blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure

Ex) brain using CPP to drive brain blood flow

vascular resistance

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15
Q

How is vascular conductance and vascular resistance similar?

A

Conductance is the inverse of resistance
-How easy it is to get blood through a vessel

Ex) High vascular resistance = means blood is hard to get through vessel = low vascular conductance

High resistance = low conductance
low resistance = high conductance

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16
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

Determines blood flow by taking a better look at vascular resistance

Factors in physics: viscosity, density, etc

States that a small change in blood vessel diameter has a large change on blood flow
Ex) Blood vessel relaxes a little bit –> huge increase in blood flow

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17
Q

What are 2 basic but major functions of the kidney?

A
  1. managaing fluid volume
  2. filtering
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18
Q

______ take blood to the heart and ______ take blood away from the heart

A

veins

arteries

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19
Q

What organ manages fluid volume in the body?

A

kidney

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20
Q

Increasing fluid volume in the kidneys _______ blood volume in the CVS

A

increases

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21
Q

What are the higher pressure blood vessels?

A

Arteries

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22
Q

Where is the majority of blood stored in the body? how much?

A

Systemic veins

84%

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23
Q

Differentiate between a system in series & a system in parallel

A

System in series: blood vessels connected side by side
-The resistance is now combined
-Resistance increases the more blood vessels combined
R(total) = R1 + R2 + R3….

System in parallel: Blood vessels connects on top of each other
-resistance in now split between the vessels (decreased) & blood flow decreased
**R(total) - 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3….

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24
Q

x-section =

A

cross sectional area

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25
what is x-section exactly?
if the blood vessel is a cylinder xsection is the area of the **circle** in the cylinder
26
How many aortas and venae cavas do you have?
aorta = 1 venae cava = 2 (superior & inferior)
27
Name the blood vessels in order leaving your heart and returning to your heart
Aorta Large arteries Small arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules/Veins Small veins Venae Cavae
28
What happens to xsection when you get closer to the heart? What does this mean?
xsection decreases Velocity increases **Xsection is low dt there only being 1/2 vessels, its a bigger large vessel so velocity is high**
29
What is the xsection of the aorta? describe this
2.5 cm2 xsection is large but there is only 1; velocity high.
30
What is the xsection of capillaries? describe this
2500 cm2 The xsection is actually very small but there are so many capillaries so thats why this is the highest area Velocity low through here bc xsection high
31
What is the xsection of the venae cava? describe this
8 cm2 xsection is large but there is only 2 of them, so low; but velocity high.
32
The L artrium has a very _____ pressure
low
33
The L ventricle, aorta, & large arteries has a ______ pressure
high
34
At what blood vessel does BP start to taper?
Small arteries
35
What are your high resistance vessels or "choke points"? What does this mean?
Small arteries arterioles These vessels are able to contract and relax
36
What is proximal to the small arteries?
Large arteries
37
What is distal to the arterioles?
Capillaries
38
What is normal BP in the veins and R atrium?
10 mmHg
39
Describe blood flow once you pass the capillaries
Only drops a little bit bc veins dont have much resistance dt thin walls (increased compliance)
40
Veins have _______ compliance dt thin wall
increased
41
What happens when blood moves through the small arteries and arterioles? Why?
BP drops These are the high resistance vessels
42
When we take BP from cuff, it's looking at BP in the ___________
Large arteries
43
How does phenylephrine work? what is an AE that we need to be looking for with this?
Squeezes on the small arteries and arterioles to increase pressure in the large arteries **Pressure in the capillaries/veins will be low tho ----> decreased perfusion to the peripheries!!!!! Necrosis**
44
What would happen if all blood vessels were completely open? (No resistance)
We would have no blood pressure --> pressure drives flow --> we would have no blood flow
45
What blood vessel does all blood have to flow through?
Aorta
46
Beside vascular resistance, what a secondary reason thats BP decreases as it leaves the heart?
**increasing xsection (systems in parallel)** --> decreases velocity and resistance which contributes to decreasing pressure.
47
What is the Circulatory Function Theory?
Blood flow is determined by metabolic rate of the tissues. Kidneys sense this and attempt to make up the fluid volume to increase/decrease blood volume by holding on to/excreted ions. Ex) high metabolic rate = needing to increase blood flow --> need to increase blood volume --> need to increase fluid volume --> kidney senses this --> holds on to more ions to hold on to more fluid to put into CVS
48
What is orderly & efficient blood flow called?
Laminar flow
49
Describe Laminar Flow
Orderly and efficient blood flow through a vessel -Edges of the vessel has a slower blood flow dt high resistance walls -The center of the vessel has fastest blood flow bc its farther away from high resistance walls
50
Describe Disorderly Flow
"Turbulent Flow" Not efficient & causes problems Cause: anything that causes a narrow opening "choke point" of the blood vessel --> velocity after would be high --> squirting blood against vessel walls -behind&after choke point: Ca++ & cholesterol in blood getting slammed or squirted against vessel wall & getting stuck there --> arteriosclerosis/calcification
51
What is the equation called to predict turbulent flow?
Renold's equation Re = (v . d . p) / n **Do not memorize this equation** Will use next semester I only put this here incase he uses it for extra credit
52
Kidney's get about ____% of minute cardiac output. Which is about how much?
22% 1.1 L/min
53
How many ml and dL is 1.1 L?
ml = 1100 dL = 11
54
Why do kidneys get more blood flow than they actually need?
To be an effective filter **kidney perfusion not determined by current metabolic rate** Just incase they need to start filtering way more than usual; they have the blood flow to increase their metabolic rate to do do.
55
How do we PHYSICALLY measure blood flow?
ultrasonic probe around blood vessel
56
What is Ohm's law in relation to Pressure?
△Pressure = Flow x Vascular resistance △P = P1 - P2 **Large difference = lots of flow** **Small difference = less flow**
57
As vascular resistance increases, flow______
decreases
58
As △Pressure increases, flow ________
increases
59
Equation: Poiseuille's Law **Dont memorize**
F = (π∆Pr4)/8nl Next semester
60
What is the BP in the abdominal aorta?
100mmHg
61
What is normal cardiac output?
5 L
62
What is normal renal blood flow?
22% of cardiac output Cardiac output is 5 L 5 x 0.22 = 1.1 **RBF = 1.1 L/min**
63
The _______ takes blood into the kidney & the ______ takes blood out of the kidney and back into the CVS
renal artery renal vein
64
Equation: Vascular Conductance
Conductance = 1 / Resistance

A/P (33 decks)

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