Lecture 11 and 12 Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
Width of the maxilla
A
Makes up the lower 1/3 of the orbit and extends all the way to the cervical area of the maxillary teeth
2
Q
What is contained in infra orbital foreman?
A
Infraorbital nerve and artery
3
Q
The interior nasal spine is a part of what bone
A
Maxilla
4
Q
Foramen
A
an opening, hole, or passage that allows
the passage of nerves and blood vessels
5
Q
Fossa (singular) (Fossae: plural)
A
a shallow depression or hollow in a bone
6
Q
Process
A
a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue
7
Q
Tubercle
A
a small, rounded projection or protuberance on a bone
8
Q
Septum
A
a partition separating two chambers
9
Q
Ridge
A
long, narrow, raised strip or elevation on a bone or tissue
10
Q
Tuberosity
A
large, rounded projection or protuberance on a bone
11
Q
Suture
A
is a type of joint between the bones of the skull
12
Q
Maxilla
A
upper jawbone
13
Q
Mandible
A
lower jawbone
14
Q
Paired compartments of bone located within the maxilla
A
Maxillary sinus
15
Q
The maxillary sinuses are located
A
Located above the maxillary premolar and molar region
16
Q
Also known as the “Antrum”
• Air filled cavity
A
Maxillary sinuses
17
Q
The maxillary sinuses Appears____ on an pano, and is located superior to the
A
radiolucent; apices of maxillary posterior teeth
18
Q
Borders that outline and divide the maxillary sinus, this border is next to the apices of the max molars and premolars and is radiopaque on a pano
A
Floor of the maxillary sinuses
19
Q
This can occur when the max posterior teeth are extracted. Antrum increases in size and drops down to the alveolar crest
A
Pneumatization of maxillary sinuses
20
Q
Also known as the malar bone
A
The zygoma
21
Q
Spine
A
A sharp thornlike projection of bone
22
Q
Canal
A
A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels
23
Q
Sinus
A
A hollow space or cavity or recess in bone
24
Q
Are fissues radiopaque or radiolucent?
A
Radiolucent
25
Mastoid process
26
Styloid process
27
EAM
28
Glenoid fossa
29
Articular eminence
30
Lateral pterygoid plate
31
Pterygomaxillary fissure
32
Maxillary tuberosity
33
Infraorbital foramen
34
Orbit
35
Incisive foreman
36
Anterior nasal spine
37
Nasal cavity
38
Inferior nasal conchae
39
Nasal septum
40
Hard palate
41
Maxillary sinus
42
Floor of maxillary sinus
43
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
44
Zygomatic arch
45
(The projection)
Hamulus
46
Infraorbital ridge
47
Infraorbital canal
48
Median palatine suture
49
Incisive foreman
50
Condyle
51
Sigmoid notch
52
Coronoid process
53
Mandibular foreman
54
Lingula
55
Mandibular canal
56
Mental foramen
57
Hyoid bone
58
Mental ridge
59
Mental fossa
60
Inferior border of the mandible
61
Internal oblique ridge/ mylohyoid ridge
62
External oblique ridge
63
The term lingula is derived from Latin lingua meaning____.
tongue
64
small, tongue-shaped projection of bone
seen adjacent to the
mandibular foramen.
lingula
65
The external oblique ridge is a
linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus to the molar region.
66
The internal oblique ridge is a
linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends downward and forward from the ramus.
67
The mylohyoid ridge is a
linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible that extends from the third molar region downward and forward toward the apical area of the premolars.
68
The mandibular canal is a
tubelike passageway through bone that travels within the body or length of the mandible.
69
The mandibular canal extends from the
mandibular foramen to the mental foramen
70
The mandibular canal houses
the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels.
IAN, inferior alveolar artery, and inferior alveolar vein.
71
The mandibular canal appears as a
radiolucent band outlined by two thin radiopaque lines representing the cortical walls of the canal.
72
The mental ridge is a
linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible that extends from the premolar region to the midline.
73
The term periodontal literally means
"around a tooth."
74
Periodontal disease refers to
a group of diseases that affect the tissues around teeth.
75
Healthy gingival tissues appear
stippled, pink, and firm.
76
Unhealthy gingiva may appear
swollen, red, and bleeding, and formation of soft tissue pockets is seen.
77
On a dental image, unhealthy alveolar crest is
no longer located 1.5 to 2.0 mm apical to the CEJ and no longer appears radiopaque. Instead, the alveolar crest appears indistinct, and bone loss is seen.
78
"The periapical image is recommended for the evaluation of periodontal disease" meaning
The author is emphasizing that the entire periodontium must be evaluated
79
Periodontium refers to
tissues that invest and support teeth, such as the gingiva and alveolar bone.
80
Lamina dura:
the thin, smooth cortical bone of the tooth socket
81
Alveolar crest:
The alveolar crest appears as a smooth, intact surface between adjacent teeth.
82
The normal healthy alveolar crest is located
approximately 1.5 to 2.0 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junctions (CEJs) of adjacent teeth
83
In the anterior regions, the alveolar crest appears
pointed and sharp and is normally very radiopaque
84
In the posterior regions, the alveolar crest appears
Rounded or flat and parallel to a line between adjacent CEJs
85
Periodontal ligament space appears ___on a pano
Radiolucent line between the root of the tooth and the laminate dura
86
Furcation involvment
bone loss in the furcation area-
87
Furcation
the area between the roots of multirooted teeth —may not be detected on a dental image because of the superimposition of buccal and lingual bone
88
Localized boss loss percentage
Less than 30
89
Generalized bone loss percentage
More than 30
90
Types of bone loss
Vertical and horizontal
91
Type of bone loss
Vertical
92
Type of bone loss
Horizontal bone loss
93
Severities of bone loss
Slight, moderate and severe
94
the bone loss occurs in a plane parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth
Horizontal bone loss
95
(also known as angular bone loss),
Vertical bone loss
96
the bone loss does not occur in a plane parallel to the CEJs of adjacent teeth
Vertical bone loss
97
The severity of bone loss is measured by
the clinical attachment loss (CAL).
98
The CAL is a measurement of
the distance in millimeters from the CEJ to the base of the sulcus or periodontal pocket; the calibrated periodontal probe measures CAL.
99
(Note: Clinical conditions, such as recession or gingival overgrowth, must be considered when determining___.)
CAL
100
1 to 2 mm bone loss
Slight bone loss
101
3 to 4 mm bone loss
Moderate bone loss
102
5 mm or greater bone loss
Severe bone loss
103
Dental images are used in the classification of periodontal disease.
• The updated American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) guidelines classify the amount of radiographic bone loss present to determine the stage of disease. Radiographic bone loss seen in periodontal disease is categorized as follows:
• Stage I Radiographic Bone Loss in the coronal third of the root < 15%.
• Stage II Radiographic Bone Loss in the coronal third of the root from 15% to 33%
• Stage Ill Radiographic Bone Loss extending to the mid-third of the root including vertical bone loss and furcation involvement.
• Stage IV Radiographic Bone Loss extending to the mid-third of the root and beyond including vertical bone loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.
104
Stage I Radiographic Bone Loss
in the coronal third of the root < 15%.
105
Stage II Radiographic Bone Loss in the
coronal third of the root from 15% to 33%
106
Stage Ill Radiographic Bone Loss extending
to the mid-third of the root including vertical bone loss and furcation involvement.
107
Stage IV Radiographic Bone Loss extending
to the mid-third of the root and beyond including vertical bone loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility.
108
Predisposing Factors for periodontal disease
medications, tobacco use, and various medical conditions
• Other factors
• Calculus
• Defective Restorations
109
How to calculate RBL
110
is typically the first sign of periodontal disease.
Inflammation of the gingival tissues
111
Bone in gingivitis
No bone loss is associated with gingivitis; therefore, no change in bone is seen on the dental image.
112
the alveolar crest is approximately___ to the CEJ.
1 to 2 mm apical
113
If untreated, gingival inflammation may progress to
slight or mild periodontitis.
114
This bone loss is caused by
uneven marginal ridges, open contacts, overhangs, poorly contoured restoration
115
This bone loss is caused from
Overhang of amalgam restoration
116
This bone loss is caused by
Calculus
117
This bone loss is caused by
Poorly contoured stainless steel crown
118
Small quadrangular bone (cheek bone) composed of dense cortical bone
Zygoma
119
Zygoma
120
Maxillary sinus
121
Pneumatization of maxillary sinus
122
Floor max sinus
123
The floor of max sinus is radio__
Radiopaque
124
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
125
Coronoid process
126
Appears diffuse and radiopaque band extending posterior from the zygomatic process of the maxilla (upper jaw)
Zygoma
127
Bony projection of the maxilla which extends to articulate with the zygomatic bone.
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
128
Appears as J- or U- shaped radiopaque located superior to the maxillary first molar region
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
129
A marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
Coronoid process
130
Appears as a triangular radiopaque superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity region
Coronoid process
131
The ONLY mandibular landmark that appear on the maxillary images
Coronoid process
132
A rounded prominences of bone that extend posterior to the third molar region
Max tuberosity
133
Appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
Max tuberosity
134
Max tuberosity
135
They are a bone projection extending posteriorly from the tuberosity
Lateral pterygoid plate
136
Appears as a thin wing of radiopaque bone
Lateral pterygoid plate
137
Small, hook-like projection of bone located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity
Hamulus
138
Appears as radiopaque hook-like projection posterior of the maxillary tuberosity
Hamulus
139
Hamulus
140
Nasal openings (pear-shaped) located above the maxillary anterior teeth
Nasal fossae or cavity
141
They are divided in the midline into two chambers (right and left)
Nasal fossae
142
Appear as vertical radiolucent chambers bounded by bones
Nasal fossae
143
Nasal fossae or cavity
144
Vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right
and left nasal fossae
• Appears as a vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity
Nasal septum
145
Nasal septum
146
A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
Anterior nasal spine
147
Appears as V-shape radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity
Anterior nasal spine
148
Anterior nasal spine
149
Small bone projected into the inferior feature of the nasal fossae
Appear as bilateral radiopaque conchae structure
Inferior nasal conchae
150
An immovable joint between the two palatine process of the maxilla
Median palatine suture
151
Appear as a thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
Median palatine suture
152
A hole in the bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate
Incisive foramen
153
Appears as a small radiolucent void between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
Incisive foramen
154
Median palatine suture
155
Inferior nasal conchae
156
Incisive foramen
157
Depression of the bone around the lateral incisor tooth
Lateral fossae
158
Also known as "Canine
Fossae"
Lateral fossae
159
Appears radiolucent bilaterally around the lateral incisor
Lateral or canine fossae
160
Lateral fossae or canine fossae
161
Inverted "y"
162
Inverted "y"
Landmark where it divides the crossing of the nasal fossae and the maxillary
sinus
163
The inverted y appears as
Appears as
radiopaque, upside-down Y and located superior to the maxillary canine
164
A hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the premolar region
Mental foramen
165
Appears as small circular or ovoid radiolucent apical to the mandibular premolars
Mental foramen
166
What is below or near the apex of the second premolar?
Mental foramen
167
A linear prominence of bone that is located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
External oblique ridge
168
Appear as radiopaque band running
externally downward from the ramus
Typically ends around the third molar region
External oblique ridge
169
EOR
170
Internal oblique ridge/ mylohyoid ridge
171
A linear prominence of bone that is located on the internal surface of the mandible and
extends downward and forward of from the ramus
• Appear as radiopaque band running
downward from the ramus
• This may continue as the "mylohyoid ridge"
IOR
172
• A tube-like passageway through the bone that travels the length of the mandible
• Appear as a radiolucent band and is outlined with radiopaque lines
Mandibular Canal
173
Appear bellow the apices of the
mandibular molar teeth
Also referred as the inferior alveolar canal
Mandibular canal
174
Mandibular canal
175
A depressed or scooped out area of bone that is located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
Submandibular Fossae
176
Appear as a radiolucent area in the mandible molar region and below the mylohyoid ridge
Submandibular fossae
177
Submandibular fossae
178
Inferior border of the mand
179
It is the inferior part of the mandible
Lower or inferior border of the jaw/ mandible
180
The inferior border of the mand Appears as
radiopaque band/outline and dense cortical bone demarcating
181
• Tiny bumps of bone that serves as a muscle attachment site
• Appear as a ring-shaped radiopaque that is located below the apices of the mandibular incisors
Genial Tubercles
182
Genial Tubercles
183
• A hole in the bone that is located on the internal surface of the mandible midline
• Appear as a radiolucent dot surrounded by the genial tubercles
Lingual Foramen
184
Lingual foramen
185
• A depressed or scooped out area of bone located above the mental ridge
• A radiolucent area located above the mental ridge
Mental fossa
186
Is the mental fossa and mental ridge external or internal?
External
187
• A linear prominence of the bone that extends from the premolar region to the midline of the mandible
• Appear as a thick radiopaque band that run through the mandible premolar to incisor area
Mental ridge
188
Mental ridge
189
Extra bone growth that appear like tiny hills that are covered with normal tissue
Tori
190
Tori are Located on the
mandible and
maxilla(palate)
191
Tori appear as
circular radiopaque areas on the mandible or palate
Sizes and quantities will vary
192
Torus
193
Tori
194
Tori
195
Cervical burnout
196
What is in between the contacts of these teeth?
Calculus
197
What is in between four and five?
Caries
198
Type of restorations
Amalgam or gold restorations
199
Amalgam fillings (silver fillings)- mixture of
metals (mercury, silver, copper, tin, and zinc)
200
Gold fillings are usually
onlay and inlay made with full gold or gold alloys
201
PFM
202
Porcelain
203
Metal crown
204
Metal crowns can include
Can include gold, silver, titanium, or stainless steel
205
Completed after endo, Helps hold onto more tooth structure for support
because may have lost internal tooth structure
Post and core/ pin
206
Post and core/ pin
207
Gap or space between crown and tooth
Does not sit or fit against smooth tooth surface
Can lead to re-decay
Open crown margin
208
Open crown margin
209
Gold filling are usually ___than amalgam
Straighter
210
Post and core/ pin with pfm crown
211
Abnormal hardening of the bone
Increases bone density
Is derived by various factors and can be benign or malignant
Bone sclerosis/ condensing osteitis
212
Dentin is reabsorbed into the tooth canal
The nerves and blood vessels are absorbed
Rare occurrence and may come from trauma or undergoing extensive surgery
Internal resorption
213
Bone Sclerosis/ Condensing Osteitis
214
Internal resorption
215
Root structures resorbs/loss of structure
Derived from many factors
Root resorption
216
Root resorption
217
Calcified masses that appear in the pulp
Vary in size and quantity
• Common occurrence with no problems
Pulp Stone
218
Pulp stone
219
Calcified or increase amount of calcium in the canal of a tooth
Pulp Sclerosis/ Pulp Obliteration
220
Pulp Sclerosis/ Pulp Obliteration
221
Tooth/ Root Fracture
222
Disturbance in the formation of the tooth
Bend or curve that can be on the crown or root
Dilaceration
223
Dilaceration
224
Radiolucent area
225
Impacted tooth
226
Rare condition where improper tooth eruption occurs
• Tooth's root is fused with underlying bone
Submerged/ Ankylosed Tooth
227
Submerged/ Ankylosed Tooth
228
Calcified tissue or buildup of cementum at the apex/ apices of the root
Hypercementosis
229
Hypercementosis
230
Attrition/wear
