lecture 11-differentiation and functions of CD8+ T cells

Question 1

where is the precursor of T cells generated

Answer 1

bone marrow

Question 2

where does rearrangement of genes occur in order to generate a receptor for Ag

Answer 2

thymus

Question 3

where do naive immature T cells become activated for the first time

Answer 3

in LN

Question 4

define functional polarization

Answer 4

T cells take on a particular set of tasks that promote the adaptive immune response.

Question 5

what are the granules contained in activated CTLs called

Answer 5

lysosomes

Question 6

what do the granules of activated CTLs contain

Answer 6

perforin and granzymes

Question 7

what is the cytokine that activated CTLs secrete the most

Answer 7

IFN-gamma

Question 8

what regulates transcription of genes encoding perforin, granzymes, and IFN-gamma

Answer 8

T-bet

Question 9

when does licensing of the APC occur

Answer 9

when the CD4+ T cell recognizes Ag presented by an MHC class II APC and delivers activating signals through CD80/CD86 and CD40

Question 10

what interaction up regulates expression of CD80/CD86 on professional APCs

Answer 10

CD40-CD40L

Question 11

what provides the third signals in T cell cycle

Answer 11

CD4+ T helper cells

Question 12

when are CD4_+ helper T cells required for CD8+ T cells responses

Answer 12

when relatively weak innate immune reactions are evoked by latent viral infections, organ transplants and tumors

Question 13

what is the name of the common receptor component that IL-2 shares with IL-15 and IL-21

Answer 13

gamma chain

Question 14

what cytokines stimulate differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector CTLs

Answer 14

IL-12 and type 1 IFNs

Question 15

what interleukin is important for survival of memory CD8+ T cells

Answer 15

IL-15

Question 16

what interleukin is important for preventing CD8+ T cell exhaustion

Answer 16

IL-21 (major) and IL-12

Question 17

what releases IFN-gamma

Answer 17

Th1 cells, CTLs and activated NK cells

Question 18

what does IFN-gamma favor the development of

Answer 18

Th1 cells

Question 19

what immunoglobulin is IFN-gamma biased towards producing

Answer 19

IgG

Question 20

what is the primary source of IL-15

Answer 20

activated tissue macrophages and mature DCs

Question 21

what is the growth factor of CTLs

Answer 21

IL-15

Question 22

what interleukin favors human Th1 cell differentiation in vitro

Answer 22

IL-15

Question 23

what happens to CD8+ T cells after viral clearance

Answer 23

extensive contraction phase that is mediated by apoptosis

Question 24

what occurs as a result of exhausted CD8+ T cells

Answer 24

reduced production of IFN-gamma and increased expression of PD-1 inhibitory receptor

Question 25

where is FasL expressed

Answer 25

activated CTLs

Question 26

which granzyme is the only one required for CTL cytotoxicity in vivo

Answer 26

granzyme B

Question 27

what molecule is homologous to C9 complement protein

Answer 27

perforin

Question 28

what does serglycin do

Answer 28

assembles a complex containing granzymes and perforin

Question 29

what does perforin insertion into target cell membrane elicit

Answer 29

membrane repair process in the target cell that leads to internalization of both the perforin and granzymes into endosomes

Question 30

what does granzyme B activate when it is in the target cell

Answer 30

caspase 3 that triggers apoptosis

Question 31

what caspases are involved in fas-fasL mediated apoptosis

Answer 31

3, 8 and 9

Question 32

what does activated Cad in the fas-fasl mediated apoptosis cause

Answer 32

DNA degradation in nuclei