Lecture 11: Neural Tissue

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Cells that send and receive signals

Question 2

Where Do Neurons Send/Receive Signals To/From?

Answer 2

1 region of the body to another

Question 3

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Answer 3

Cells that support and protect neurons

Question 4

Central Nervous System Consists Of…

Answer 4

Brain

Spinal Cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System Consists Of…

Answer 5

All neural tissues outside of CNS

Question 6

Afferent Division of Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 6

Brings sensory information to CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues (sensory neurons),
Periphery to spinal cord and brain

Question 7

Efferent Divison of Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 7

Carries commands from CNS to effector tissues like muscles and glands (motor neurons),
CNS to peripheral

Question 8

S.A.M.E

Answer 8

Sensory Afferent

Motor Efferent

Question 9

Somatic Nervous System of Efferent Division of PNS

Answer 9

Controls voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle contractions and reflexes

Question 10

Involuntary Skeletal Muscle Contractions

Answer 10

Not under conscious control (reflex)

Question 11

Autonomic Nervous System of Efferent Division of PNS

Answer 11

Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glandular secretions at the subconscious level

Question 12

Nerve

Answer 12

Bundle of neurons/axons

Question 13

Cell Body Of A Neuron

Answer 13

Nucleus and perikaryon,

Location of most organelles

Question 14

Perikaryon Of A Neuron

Answer 14

Cytoplasm of neuron cell body,

Contains organelles

Question 15

Dendrites Of A Neuron

Answer 15

Receive neurotransmitters from other neurons

Question 16

Axoplasm Of An Axon

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Axolemma Of An Axon

Answer 17

Plasma membrane

Question 18

Axon Hillock

Answer 18

Axon attaches to cell body,

Must reach threshold to continue sending action potential to axon

Question 19

Telodendria

Answer 19

End of axon branches,

Synaptic terminals

Question 20

Nissl Bodies

Answer 20

Gray matter of CNS,

Clustered areas of ribosomes and rough ER

Question 21

Neurons lack ______, so no mitosis can occur

Answer 21

Centrioles

Question 22

Ganglia

Answer 22

Collection of cell bodies,

In PNS

Question 23

Cranial Nerves

Answer 23

In PNS,

Connected to brain/brainstem

Question 24

Spinal Nerves

Answer 24

In PNS,

Connected to spinal cord

Question 25

Tracts

Answer 25

Areas of the CNS appear white because many neuron axons are covered with myelin, White matter of CNS

Question 26

Synapse

Answer 26

Site where a neuron communicates with another cell

Question 27

Presynaptic Cell

Answer 27

Sends message, | Neurons

Question 28

Postsynaptic Cell

Answer 28

Receives message, | Neuron, muscle fiber, gland cell

Question 29

Neurotransmitters

Answer 29

Produced in the neuron cell body, | Released at the synapse

Question 30

Neurotransmitters Are Transported In ________ To _______

Answer 30

Vesicles, | Synaptic knob

Question 31

Axoplasmic Transport

Answer 31

Neurotransmitters move down the axon

Question 32

Anterograde Transport

Answer 32

Moving towards the synapse

Question 33

Retrograde Transport

Answer 33

Moving away from synapse

Question 34

Anaxonic Neuron

Answer 34

No obvious axon, | In brain and CNS

Question 35

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 35

Body not near dendrites, | In eyes/ears/nose

Question 36

Unipolar Neuron

Answer 36

Almost all sensory neurons, | Body on the side of axon

Question 37

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 37

Cell body, Axon, Synaptic terminals, Motor units

Question 38

Sensory Neurons

Answer 38

10 million in body, | Afferent

Question 39

Visceral Sensory Neurons

Answer 39

Monitor internal environment of body, | Unaware of

Question 40

Somatic Sensory Neurons

Answer 40

Monitor external environment and our position in it, | Aware

Question 41

Sensory Receptors

Answer 41

Specialized organs or free endings on dendrite end of sensory neurons

Question 42

Interoceptors Of Sensory Neurons

Answer 42

Monitor internal organ systems and provide sensations including visceral pain, blood pH and blood O2 levels

Question 43

Exteroceptors Of Sensory Neurons

Answer 43

Monitor outside environment and provide sensations including touch, temperature, sight, smell and hearing

Question 44

Proprioceptors Of Sensory Neurons

Answer 44

Monitor joint and muscle position so we know the position of body, Makes us able to maintain balance

Question 45

Motor Neurons

Answer 45

500,000 in body, | Efferent

Question 46

Interneurons

Answer 46

20 billion in body, Most common, Association neurons

Question 47

Where Are Interneurons Located In Body?

Answer 47

Brain, spinal cord, some ganglia

Question 48

Interneurons Are Responsible For...

Answer 48

Distributing sensory info, Coordinating motor info, Higher functioning (thought, memory, learning, planning)