Lecture 15: The Brain 2

Question 1

How Many Pairs of Cranial Nerves Are There?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

Brain Stem

Answer 2

Processes/relays information between the spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum

Question 3

Parts Of The Brain Stem

Answer 3

Midbrain
Pons
Medula Oblongata

Question 4

Medula Oblongata

Answer 4

Autonomic function of regulating heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory pace,
Contains nuclei for several cranial nerves

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

Nuclei involved with respiration,

Relays information to and from the cerebellum

Question 6

Midbrain

Answer 6

Process sight and sound associated reflexes involving eyes, head, and trunk,
Maintains consciousness,
Fluid movement and muscle tone

Question 7

Reticular Activating System

Answer 7

Neurons that ‘awaken’ other parts of brain once it’s slightly awake

Question 8

Cerebellum

Answer 8

Coordinates body movements,

Maintain balance both at rest and during movements,

Question 9

Ataxia

Answer 9

Caused by damage to cerebellum,

Inability to coordinate movements,

Question 10

Things That Cause Ataxia

Answer 10

Stroke

Intoxication

Question 11

Diencephalon

Answer 11

Inferior to cerebrum and anterior to cerebellum,

Links cerebrum with brainstem

Question 12

Three Divisions Of Diencephalon

Answer 12

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 13

Epithalamus

Answer 13

Pineal gland secretes melatonin and other hormones

Question 14

Melatonin

Answer 14

Controls circadian rhythms and regulates epithalamus

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

Relay center for sensory information,
Receives sensory input from cerebellum, body, basal nuclei, eyes, ears,
Sends information out to areas of the cerebral cortex,
Part of limbic system

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

Stimulates a lot of hormone release and production for endocrine system,
Emotion,
Autonomic function of body temp, thirst, hunger, heart rate/pressure,
Circadian Rhythms,
Pituitary gland

Question 17

Infundibulum

Answer 17

Where pituitary gland connects to the hypothalamus

Question 18

Limbic System

Answer 18

Collection of nuclei and tracts in diencephalon and cerebrum,
Establishes emotional states,
Conscious thought with autonomic function,
Memory storage and retrieval,
Sets motivation level

Question 19

Nuclei/Regions of Limbic System (6)

Answer 19

Amygdaloid Body,
Cingulate Gyrus,
Dentate Gyrus,
Parahippocampal Gyrus,
Hippocampus,
Parts of Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

Conscious thoughts,
Somatic sensory awareness and processing,
Somatic motor commands initiated

Question 21

Central Sulcus

Answer 21

Divides anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe,

Separates precentral gyrus from postcentral gyrus

Question 22

Lateral Sulcus

Answer 22

Divides frontal lobe from temporal lobe

Question 23

Cerebral Hemispheres Receives _________ from, And Sends _______ To __________

Answer 23

Sensory information,
Motor commands,
The opposite side of body

Question 24

Cerebral Hemispheres Have Different ________ But Similar ________

Answer 24

Function,

Structure

Question 25

Motor Areas of Cerebrum

Answer 25

Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe directs voluntary movements

Question 26

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 26

Surface of precentral gyrus

Question 27

Sensory Areas of Cerebrum

Answer 27

Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe receives somatic sensory info (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, temp)

Question 28

Primary Sensory Cortex

Answer 28

Surface of postcentral gyrus

Question 29

Visual Cortex of Cerebrum

Answer 29

Information from sight receptors

Question 30

Auditory Cortex of Cerebrum

Answer 30

Information from sound receptors

Question 31

Olfactory Cortex of Cerebrum

Answer 31

Information from odor receptors

Question 32

Gustatory Cortex of Cerebrum

Answer 32

Information from taste receptors

Question 33

Sensory Association Areas of Cerebrum

Answer 33

Monitor and interpret arriving information at sensory areas of cortex and understand what it is

Question 34

Somatic Motor Association Area (Premotor Cortex)

Answer 34

Coordinates major responses (learned movements), | Learned movements stay in synapse

Question 35

Association Fibers

Answer 35

Connect regions within one hemisphere

Question 36

Commissural Fibers

Answer 36

Connect left and right hemispheres, Corpus Callosum, Anterior Commisure

Question 37

Projection Fibers

Answer 37

Connect cerebrum with diencephalon and brainstem, | Lower to higher

Question 38

Corpus Callosum

Answer 38

Where commissural fibers cross between left and right hemispheres

Question 39

Basal Nuclei

Answer 39

Masses of gray matter, | Direct subconscious activities

Question 40

Subconscious Activities of Basal Nuclei

Answer 40

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone, | Coordination of learned movement patterns (help maintain balance, tense muscles, etc)

Question 41

More Active Basal Nuclei =

Answer 41

Parkinson's Disease

Question 42

Types of Gray Matter Masses

Answer 42

Caudate Nucleus | Lentiform Nucleus