Lecture 11 - The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
what are the parts of the axial skeleton?
skull - neurocranium and facial skeleton
vertebral column
rib cage
what are the parts of the appendicular skeleton?
pectoral girdles - clavicle and scapula
pelvic girdles - sacrum and hip bones
what is compact bone?
cortical bone - solid mass off bone, forms outer covering of bone sfor strength
what is cancellous bone?
trabecular/spongy bone - inside compact bone, lighter, reduces weight, spaces contain marrow (red: blood cells produced, yellow: fat)
flexion
flexing
extension
unflexing
abduction
limbs away from trunk
adduction
limbs brought back to trunk
medial rotation
rotated inward to midline
lateral rotation
rotated outward from midline
inversion
soles of feet face each other
eversion
soles of feet face outwards
supination
supine position (palms up)
pronation
palms down
circumduction
arm rotations from shoulder joint
how is the vertebral column separated?
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
fibrous joint
fixed e.g. teeth attached to jaw
cartilaginous joints
little to no movement, separated by cartilage e.g. intervertebral discs
synovial joints
free moving joints containing synovial fluid for lubrication e.g. plane, hinge, saddle, pivot, ellipsoid, ball & socket
how does the musculoskeletal system change with age?
Amount of connective tissue increases in muscles
Number of muscle fibers decreases
Loss of muscle mass with aging
Decrease in muscular strength by 50% by age 80
Regular exercise reverses this
bony landmarks of head
- frontal bone
- temporal line
- nasal
- zygomatic
- mandible
- clavicle
bony landmarks of front body
- acromion process
- sternum
- ribs
- iliac crest
- anterior superior iliac spine
- pubic bone
bony landmarks of backside body
- C7
- medial border of scapula
- spine of scapula
- posterior superior iliac spine
- sacrum
- tailbone
bony landmarks of arms and hands
- olecranon
- medial epicondyle of humerus
- ulna furrow
- styloid process of ulna
- styloid process of radius
- phlanges
