Lecture 12 +13

Question 1

“new” growth- uncontrolled

Answer 1

Neoplasm

Question 2

The study of neoplasms and neoplasia

Answer 2

Oncology

Question 3

Any malignant neoplastic disease

Answer 3

Cancer

Question 4

Any 3 dimensional swelling, lump, or bump

Answer 4

Tumor

Question 5

Increase in the number of cells in response to a stimulus

Answer 5

Hyperplasia

Question 6

Change in cell type- may become neoplastic; reversable

Answer 6

Metaplasia

Question 7

Abnormal tissue development; not reversable

Answer 7

Dysplasia

Question 8

Provides information about tissue architecture

Answer 8

Histology

Question 9

Neoplasia that is locally confined abnormal growth that may compress local or adjacent structures but does not invade

Answer 9

Benign

Question 10

Abnormally proliferating cells that are: locally invasive and undergo destructive growth

Answer 10

Malignant

Question 11

Gets into the blood stream and travels to different places

Answer 11

Metastasizing

Question 12

Metastasis may occur by 4 major routes: lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, local invasion, and ______ _____

Answer 12

Direct transplantation

Question 13

Cells that leave must be able to detach from the tumor/mass. Some tumors exfoliate well and some do not; first step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 13

Detachment

Question 14

Entrance into vasculature/lymphatic system. Once tumor cells detach, they find a way to enter the blood or lymphatic circulation; second step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 14

Invasion

Question 15

Tumors need to withstand the assault from the body’s immune system, especially in lymph nodes; third step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 15

Evasion of Host Defenses

Question 16

Come to rest in blood vessels and capillaries of various organs, may be covered by platelets which temporarily protect them; forth step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 16

Arrest

Question 17

Cells invade the walls of lymphatics and vascular endothelium, squeezes through via production of proteolytic enzymes; fifth step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 17

Attachment and Extravasion

Question 18

Cell survival; the last step of the metastatic cascade

Answer 18

New growth

Question 19

New blood supply, formation of new vessels

Answer 19

Angiogenesis

Question 20

True or false: tumors can cause distant changes in the structure and function that may be unrelated to the tumor itself but can be related to metastasis

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Muscle wasting is often coupled with ______ and metabolic changes persist

Answer 21

Anorexia

Question 22

Originate from glands, lungs, skin, and epithelium

Answer 22

Epithelial tumors

Question 23

Originate from connective tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle, nervous tissue, and fat

Answer 23

Mesenchymal tumors

Question 24

Originate from blood

Answer 24

Hematopoietic tumors

Question 25

Originate from sex organs

Answer 25

Gonadal tumors

Question 26

What are benign epithelial tumors known as? What are some examples?

Answer 26

"Omas" Ex. Adenoma, papilloma, epithelioma

Question 27

What are benign mesenchymal tumors known as? What are some examples?

Answer 27

"Omas" Ex. Osteoma, rhabdomyoma, hemangioma, fibroma, lipoma

Question 28

What are malignant epithelial tumors known as? What are examples?

Answer 28

"Carcinomas" Ex. Mammary adenocarcinoma, SCC, TCC

Question 29

What are malignant mesenchymal tumors known as? What are examples?

Answer 29

"Sarcomas" Ex. Fibrosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Osteosarcoma

Question 30

True or false: melansarcoma breaks the rule and is actually a benign melanoma

Answer 30

False; Melanoma is actually a malignant melanoma, Lymphoma also breaks this rule

Question 31

Leukemia

Answer 31

Bone marrow produces abnormal WBC; lymphoblastic

Question 32

Different sizes of cells; first criteria for malignancy

Answer 32

Anisocytosis

Question 33

Nuclei are large compared to normal; second criteria for malignancy

Answer 33

Macrokaryosis

Question 34

Nuclei are different sizes; third criteria for malignancy

Answer 34

Anisokaryosis

Question 35

Cell that contains more than one nucleus; forth criteria for malignancy

Answer 35

Multinucleation

Question 36

Excess amounts of abnormal cells; fifth criteria for malignancy

Answer 36

Hypercellularity

Question 37

Uncontrolled cell growth; sixth criteria for malignancy

Answer 37

Increase mitotic figures

Question 38

What is the number 1 site for osteosarcomas to form?

Answer 38

Proximal humerus

Question 39

True or false: equine sarcoid is a benign skin tumor

Answer 39

True