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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin & insertion of psoas major?

A
  • Ori: Bodies and TPs of L1 – L5
  • Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur
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2
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
  • lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
  • anterior tilt of pelvis @ hip
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3
Q

What is the innervation of psoas major?

A

lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of iliacus?

A
  • origin: iliac fossa & sacral ala
  • insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
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5
Q

What are the muscles that make up the iliopsoas muscle? Why?

A

The psoas major and the iliacus muscles are considered to be the iliopsoas M. because of their common distal attachment onto the lesser trochanter of femur

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6
Q

What is the action of iliacus?

A
  • Flexion of thigh
  • lateral rotation of thigh
  • anterior tilt of pelvis @ hip
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7
Q

What is the innervation of iliacus?

A

femoral nerve

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8
Q

Which muscle has a role on lumbar hyper lordosis?

A

psoas major

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9
Q

What is the origin & insertion of sartorius?

A
  • Ori: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)
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10
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

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11
Q

What are the actions of sartorius?

A
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip oint)
  • Flexion of leg @ knee joint)
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12
Q

What is the innervation of sartorius?

A

femoral nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

Ori:
- Straight (Ant.) head: AIIS
- Reflected (Post.) head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum

Ins: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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14
Q

How many muscles are in the quadriceps femoris group?

A

4

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15
Q

What is the only quadriceps muscle that will move the hip joint?

A

rectus femoris

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16
Q

What are the actions of rectus femoris?

A
  • extension of leg (knee joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
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17
Q

What is the innervation of rectus femoris?

A

femoral

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of vastus lateralis?

A

Ori:
- Intertrochanteric line
- Gluteal tuberosity
- Lateral lip of linea aspera

Ins: Lateral border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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19
Q

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps?

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
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20
Q

What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?

A

extension of leg (knee joint)

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21
Q

What is the innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

femoral nerve

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22
Q

What are the origin and insertion of vastus medialis?

A

Ori:
- Intertrochanteric line
- Medial lip of linea aspera
- Medial supracondylar line.

Ins: Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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23
Q

What is the action of vastus medialis?

A

extension of leg (knee joint)

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24
Q

What is the innervation of vastus medialis?

A

femoral nerve

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25
What is the origin and insertion of vastus intermedius?
Ori: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur Ins: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)
26
What is the action of vastus intermedius?
Extention of leg (knee joint)
27
What is the innervation of vastus intermedius?
femoral nerve
28
What is the origin & insertion of articular genus?
Ori: anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur Ins: upper part of the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint
29
What is the deepest muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
articularis genus
30
What is the action of articularis genus?
It elevates (pulls superiorly) the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during extension of the leg
31
What is the origin & insertion of pectineus?
Ori: Superior ramus of pubis (Pectineal line of pubis) Ins: Pectineal line of femur
32
What is the function of pectineus?
- Adduction of thigh (hip joint) - Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
33
What is the innervation of pectineus?
femoral nerve
34
What is the only muscle in the medial compartment innervated by the femoral nerve?
pectineus
35
What is the origin & insertion of adductor longus?
Ori: Anterior surface of pubis Ins: Middle part of linea aspera
36
What are the actions of adductor longus?
- adduction of thigh (hip joint) - flexion of thigh (hip joint) - lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
37
What is the innervation of adductor longus?
obturator nerve
38
What is the origin & insertion of adductor brevis?
Ori: Body & Inferior ramus of pubis Ins: Proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
39
What are the actions of adductor brevis?
- adduction of thigh (hip joint) - flexion of thigh (hip joint) - lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
40
What is the innervation of adductor brevis?
obturator
41
What is the origin & insertion of adductor magnus?
Ori: - Anterior head (adductor part): Ischiopubic ramus - Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part): Ischial tuberosity Ins: - Anterior head (adductor part): Linea aspera, Gluteal tuberosity, Medial supracondylar line - Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part): Adductor tubercle
42
What are the actions of adductor magnus?
- adduction of thigh (hip joint) - flexion of thigh (hip joint) (the Ant. or pubic attachment) - extension of thigh (hip joint) (the Post. or hamstring or ischial attachment) - lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
43
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery & vein
44
What forms the adductor hiatus?
distal aspect of the insertion of the two heads of the adductor magnus muscle
45
What is the innervation of adductor magnus?
- Anterior head (Pubic) by obturator N. - Post. Head (Hamstring or Ischial) by tibial N
46
What is the origin and insertion of gracilis?
Ori: - Body of pubis - Inferior ramus of pubis Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)
47
What are the actions of gracilis?
- adduction of thigh (hip joint) - flexion of thigh (hip joint) - flexion of leg (knee joint) - medial rotation of leg (knee joint)
48
What is the weakest muscle in the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh?
gracilis
49
What is the innervation of gracilis?
Obturator nerve
50
What is also known as the fourth hamstring?
adductor magnus
51
In patients with cerebral palsy, which muscles are spastics causing scissor gait?
Adductor muscles - need tenotomy
52
T/F: Gracilis is used for surgical reconstruction
True
53
What is the pes anserinus (latin for goosefoot)?
Proximal medial side of the tibia where the sarterious, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles attach to in a 3-prolonged pattern
54
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
- Lateral: sartorius - Medial: adductors - Superior: inguinal ligament
55
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
- Nerve (femoral) - Artery (femoral) - Vein (femoral) - Empty space - Lymph nodes
56
What is the very bottom of the femoral triangle connected to?
adductor hiatus
57
Inverted cone-shaped fascial space medial to the femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle
femoral canal
58
What does the femoral canal open superiorly as?
femoral ring
59
What is the purpose of the femoral canal?
serves to allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb
60
When do you get a femoral hernia?
lifting something way too heavy --> push on bowel and it looks for somewhere to go --> heads to empty space in femoral triangle
61
What are consequences of femoral hernia?
- can compress artery --> coldness and palar in lower limb - compress femoral nerve --> extension in leg @ knee decreases - lead to venous pooling in the leg - obvious lump in proximal thigh
62
What are the 3 compartments of the leg?
- anterior - posterior - lateral
63
What actions is the anterior compartment responsible for?
- dorsi flexion - extension of toes - inversion & eversion
64
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve
65
What are the actions of the lateral compartment of the leg?
- eversion - plantar flexion
66
What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve
67
T/F: Anterior compartment of the leg is divided into superficial and deep muscles
False, posterior
68
What are the actions of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
plantar flexion
69
What are the actions of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
- flexion of toes - plantar flexion - inversion
70
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
71
Which retinacula is behind the medial malleolus?
flexor retinacula
72
Which retinacula is on the lateral side of the foot?
fibular (peroneal) retinaculum
73
Which retinacula is on the anterior side of the foot?
extensor retinaculum
74
What movements does the ankle axis permit?
- dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
75
What movements does the subtalar axis permit?
inversion & eversion
76
What are the muscles that pass the ankle joint on the anterior side of the foot able to do?
dorsiflexion
77
What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Ori: - Medial head: Medial condyle of femur - Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
78
What are the actions of gastrocnemius?
- plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint) - flexion of leg (knee joint)
79
What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?
tibial
80
What is the origin & insertion of soleus?
Ori: - Soleal line of tibia. - Head of the fibula - Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
81
What is the action of soleus?
- plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint)
82
What is the innervation of the soleus?
tibial
83
What is the gastrocnemius & soleus muscle known as together?
triceps surae
84
Sesamoid bone found in lateral head of gastrocnemius
fabella
85
Why is the gastrocnemius & soleus referred to as 2nd heart of the body?
really big muscles --> some blood vessels b/w them , when you contract, it can press the veins & helps with venous return
86
Where is the deep tendon reflex of S1?
calcaneal tendon
87
What is the origin & insertion of plantaris?
Ori: Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
88
What are the actions of plantaris?
- plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint) - flexion of leg (knee joint)
89
What is the innervation of plantaris?
tibial
90
What is the origin & insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Ori: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane. Ins: Distal phalanx of big toe
91
What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus?
- flexion of big toe @ MTP & IP joints - plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint - inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
92
What is the origin & insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Ori: middle 1/3 of tibia Ins: Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5
93
What is the actions of flexor digitorum longus?
- flexion of toes #2-5 @ MTP, PIP, DIP joints - plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint - inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
94
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
tibial nerve
95
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?
tibial nerve
96
What is the origin & insertion of tibialis posterior?
Ori: Proximal of posterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane Ins: - 2nd & 3rd & 4th metatarsals - Navicular - All three cuneiforms - Cuboid - Calcaneus
97
What are the actions of tibialis posterior?
- plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint - inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
98
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
tibial nerve
99
What is the origin & insertion of popliteus?
Ori: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur Ins: above the soleal line on the posterior tibia.
100
What are the actions of popliteus?
- flexion of leg @ knee joint - medial rotation of leg @ knee joint (to unlock extended knee)
101
What is the innervation of popliteus?
tibial
102
Which muscle has a role in un-locking the knee?
popliteus
103
Which muscle acts on the lateral meniscus?
popliteus
104
What are the structures passing being the medial malleolus (in the tarsal tunnel)?
Tibialis posterior Flexor Digitorum longus Artery (tibial) Vein Nerve (tibial) Flexor Hallucis longus
105
What forms the tarsal tunnel?
- flexor retinaculum - medial malleolus - calcaneus
106
Where do you take the pulse of the tibial artery?
tarsal tunnel
107
Diamond shaped fossa behind the knee joint
popliteal fossa
108
What are the borders, roof, and floor of the popliteal fossa?
Borders: - superior: biceps femoris on lateral border, semitendinosus & semimembranosus on medial - inferior: lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius side On roof: deep fascia - deep fascia on roof is pierced by small saphenous vein On floor: - popliteal surface of femur on top - popliteus muscle on bottom part - posterior aspect of ankle joint
109
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
- branches of sciatic nerve --> tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerve - popliteal vein - popliteal artery - fat - lymph nodes
110
Where do you take the pulse of the popliteal artery?
popliteal fossa
111
What is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior?
Ori: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane. Ins: - 1st (medial) cuneiform - Base of the 1st metatarsal
112
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
- dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint (prime mover of DF) - inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
113
What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?
deep fibular (peroneal)
114
What is the origin & insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Ori: middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane. Ins: Base of distal phalanx of big toe
115
What are the actions of extensor hallucis longus?
- extension of big toe @ MTP & IP joints - dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint - inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
116
What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?
deep fibular (peroneal)
117
What is the origin & insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
Ori: - lateral condyle of tibia - Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula - interosseous membrane. Ins: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (Via dorsal digital expansion)
118
What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus?
- extension of toes #2-5 @ MTP & IP (DIP & PIP) joints - dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint - eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
119
What is the innervation of digitorum longus?
deep fibular (peroneal)
120
What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
Ori: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane Ins: Base of the 5th metatarsal (anterior to tuberosity)
121
What are the actions of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
- dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint - eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
122
What is the innervation of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
deep fibular (peroneal)
123
What does compartment syndrome refer to?
pressure inside compartment increases (ex., enlargement of muscle) --> press of nerve & damage/loss of movement
124
What happens if the deep fibular nerve is compressed in the anterior compartment of the leg?
drop foot
125
What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) longus?
Ori: - Head of fibula - Proximal 1\2 of lateral surface of fibula. Ins: - Base of the 1st metatarsal - 1st cuneiform
126
What are the functions of fibularis (peroneus) longus?
- eversion of foot @ subtalar joint - plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
127
What is the innervation of fibularis (peroneus) longus?
superficial fibular (peroneal)
128
What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?
Ori: Distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula Ins: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
129
What is the inneravtion of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?
superficial fibular (peroneal)
130
What are the actions of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?
- eversion of foot @ subtalar joint - plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
131
Peroneal (fibularis) muscles are a group , 1 in front (fibularis tertius) of lateral malleolus, and two behind (fibularis longus & brevis) BUT?
their action at the ankle joint is different

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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