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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Palpation Exam > Flashcards

Palpation Exam Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Erector spinae muscles (group)

A

Origin:
- Lower thoracic & lumbar vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Posterior aspect of iliac crest
- Sacroiliac & supraspinous ligaments

Insertion:
- Spinalis: SPs of C2, T1-T8
- Longissimus: Lower ribs, TVPs of C2-T12, mastoid process of skull
- Iliocostalis: Costal angle of ribs & cervical TVPs

Action:
- Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
- Bilateral: extension of vertebral column & head

Innervation: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin:
- Medial 1/3 of clavicle
- Manubrium of sternum

Insertion:
- Mastoid process of temporal bone
- Lateral ½ of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Action:
- Unilateral: lateral flexion of head & neck, contralateral rotation of head & neck
- Bilateral: extension of head & upper neck, flexion of lower neck (MAJORITY), elevation of sternum & clavicle during FORCED inhalation

Innervation: CN XI (Accessory Nerve)

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3
Q

Scalene Group

A

Origin:
- Anterior: TVPs of C3-C6
- Middle & Posterior: TVPs of C5-C7

Insertion:
- Anterior: Scalene tubercule of 1st rib
- Middle: Superior surface of 1st rib, posterior groove for subclavian artery
- Posterior: External border of 2nd rib

Action:
- Anterior: elevation of 1st rib, ipsilateral flexion of neck
- Middle: flexion of neck laterally, elevation of 1st rib during FORCED inhalation
- Posterior: flexion of neck, elevation of 2nd rib during FORCED inspiration

Innervation: Anterior rami of C3-C8

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4
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal fossa & fascia

Insertion:
- Coronoid process
- Anterior border of ramus of mandible

Action: Elevation & retraction of mandible

Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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5
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Lateral surface of ramus of mandible

Action: Elevation & protraction of mandible

Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin:
- Pubic crest
- Symphysis pubis

Insertion:
- Xiphoid process
- Cartilages of ribs 5-7

Action:
- Flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
- Posterior tilt of pelvis (tilt in, pelvis is flat)
- Compress abdominal contents

Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T6-T12)

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7
Q

External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

A

Origin: External surface of ribs 5-12 (fibers go inferior & anterior)

Insertion:
- Linea alba
- Pubic tubercle
- Anterior half of iliac crest

Action:
- Contralateral rotation of trunk
- Flexion of trunk
- Compress abdominal contents

Innervation: intercostal nerve

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor

A

Origin:
- Minor: SPs of C7-T1
- Major: SPs of T2-T5

Insertion:
- Minor: medial (vertebral) border of scapula @ root of spine
- Major: medial (vertebral) border of scapular inferior to spine

Action:
- Retraction (adduction) of scapula
- Elevation of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula (bringing arm back down)

Innervation: Dorsal scapular

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin:
- Skull
- Ligamentum nuchea
- SPs of C7-T12

Insertion:
- Clavicle
- Acromion
- Scapula spine

Action:
- Elevate scapula
- Rotate scapula (during arm abduction)
- Retract scapula
- Pull scapula inferiorly

Innervation: CN XI (Accessory nerve)

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
- SPs of T6-T12 (T7-L5?)
- Crests of ilium & sacrum
- Ribs 9-12
- thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action:
- Extensionof upper limb
- Adduction of upper limb
- Medial rotation of upper limb

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

Insertion: Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Action: protraction, rotation of scapula allowing arm to be raised over 90 degrees

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

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12
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin:
- Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial clavicle
- Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-7, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Action:
- Flexion of arm (clavicular head)
- Adduction of arm
- Medial rotation of arm
- Horizontal adduction of arm
- Draws scapula anterior inferiorly

Innervation: Medial & lateral pectoral nerves

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13
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
- Lateral clavicle (anterior fibers)
- Acromion (lateral fibers)
- Spine of scapula (posterior fibers)

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- Flexion of shoulder (anterior fibers)
- Medial rotation of shoulder joint (anterior fibers)
- Extension of shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
- Lateral rotation of shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
- Abduction of shoulder joint (entire muscle)

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medial rotation of shoulder

Innervation: Upper & lower subscapularis

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15
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Abduction of shoulder joint

Innervation: Suprascapular (C5, C6)

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16
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action:
- Lateral rotation of shoulder joint
- Horizontal abduction of shoulder joint

Innervation: Suprascapular (C5, C6)

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17
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: Superior lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder joint

Innervation: Axillary (C5, C6)

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18
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: Inferior lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action:
- Extension of shoulder joint
- Adduction of shoulder joint
- Medial rotation of shoulder joint

Innervation: Upper & lower subscapular

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19
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin:
- Short head: coracoid process of scapula
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity & fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Action:
- Flexion of arm @ shoulder
- Flexion of forearm @ elbow
- Supination of forearm

Action: Musculocutaneous nerve

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20
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin:
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- Lateral head: lateral, posterior humerus (lateral superior to radial groove)
- Medial head: posterior surface of humerus (medial inferior to radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon process

Action:
- Extension of arm @ shoulder (long head only)
- Extension of forearm @ elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

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21
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
- Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius

Action:
- Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of forearm

Innervation: Median nerve

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22
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal

Action:
- Flexion of forearm
- Flexion of hand
- Abduction (radial deviation) of wrist

Innervation: Median nerve

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23
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar head: olecranon process of ulna & posterior border of ulna

Insertion:
- Base of 5th metacarpal
- Hook of hamate
- Pisiform

Action:
- Flexion of forearm
- Flexion of hand
- Adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

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24
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin:
- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
- Radial head: proximal of anterior border or radius

Insertion: Base of middle phalanges of fingers #2-5

Action:
- Flexion of fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP
- Flexion of hand
- Flexion of forearm

Innervation: median nerve

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25
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal bone Action: - Extension of forearm - Extension of and - Radial deviation of wrist Innervation: radial nerve
26
Brachioradialis
Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process Action: Flexion of elbow in mid-pronation Innervation: radial nerve
27
Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon) Insertion: Distal and middle phalanges of fingers #2 – 5 (via its dorsal digital expansion) Action: - Extension of fingers 2-5 at MCP, PIP, DIP joints - Extension of hand at wrist - Extension of elbow (weak) Innervation: radial nerve
28
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: The middle of posterior surface of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of the 1st metacarpal Action: - Abduction of thumb at carpometacarpal joint - Extension of thumb of carpometacarpal joint - Radial deviation of hand at wrist (weak) Innervation: radial nerve
29
Abductor pollicis brevis
Origin: - Flexor retinaculum - Tubercle of scaphoid - Tubercle of trapezium Insertion: Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action: abduction of thumb Innervation: median nerve
30
Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin: - Flexor retinaculum - Trapezium Insertion: Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action: flexion of thumb Innervation: median nerve
31
Dorsal interossei
Origin: Adjacent sides of metacarpals Insertion: - Base of proximal phalanges & dorsal digital expansion of fingers (2, 3, 4) - Dorsal interosseous 1 to lateral side of index finger - Dorsal interosseous 2 to lateral side of middle finger - Dorsal interosseous 3 to medial side of middle finger - Dorsal interosseous 4 to medial side of ring finger Action: - Abduction of fingers 2-4 @ MCP joints - Flexion of fingers 2-4 @ MCP joints - Extension of fingers 2-4 @ PIP & DIP joints Innervation: ulnar nerve
32
Tensor fascia lata
Origin: Lateral side of ASIS & anterior part of iliac crest Insertion: Tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (ITT) (1/3 of the way down the thigh) Action: - Flexion of thigh (hip joint) - Abduction of thigh (hip joint) - Medial rotation of thigh (hip joint) - Anterior pelvic tilt - Tenses ITB to support femur on tibia during standing Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
33
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms pes anserine tendon) Action: - Flexion of thigh (hip joint) - Abduction of thigh (hip joint) - Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint) - Flexion of leg @ knee joint - Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint Innervation: femoral nerve
34
Biceps femoris
Origin: - Long head: ischial tuberosity - Short head: linea aspera Insertion: - Head of fibula - Lateral condyle of tibia Action: - Flexion of leg (knee joint) – entire muscle - Extension of thigh (hip joint) – long head - Lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint (when knee is flexed) Innervation: Tibial (long head) & common fibular (peroneal) (short head) branches of sciatic nerve
35
Semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon) Action: - Flexion of leg (knee joint) - Extension of thigh (hip joint) - Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint – when knee is flexed Innervation: Tibial branch of sciatic nerve
36
Rectus femoris
Origin: - Straight (ant) head: AIIS - Reflected (post.) head: groove above brim of acetabulum Insertion: Base of patella via quadriceps tendon & then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament Action: - Extension of leg (knee joint) - Flexion of thigh (hip joint) Innervation: Femoral Nerve
37
Vastus medialis
Origin: - Intertrochanteric line - Medial lip of linea aspera - Medial supracondylar line Insertion: Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon & then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon) Action: Extension of leg (knee joint) Innervation: femoral nerve
38
Adductor muscles (group)
Origin: pubic ramus & ischium Insertion: - linea aspera or femur - pectineal line - medial upper surface of tibia Action: Adduction of hip joint Innervation: Obturator nerve (EXCEPT for pectineus – femoral nerve)
39
Gastrocnemius
Origin: - Medial head: medial condyle of femur - Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Action: - Plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint) - Flexion of leg (knee joint) Innervation: Tibial Nerve
40
Shoulder joint
Classification: Ball and socket synovial (3 DOF) Movements: - Flexion/extension - Adduction/Abduction - Internal/External Rotation - Circumduction
41
Elbow joint
Classification: Synovial hinge (1 DOF) Movement: Flexion/extension
42
Radiocarpal joint
Classification: Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint (2 DOF) Movement: - Flexion/extension - Adduction/abduction
43
First carpometacarpal joint
Classification: Synovial saddle (2 DOF) Movement: - Flexion/extension - Adduction/abduction - Opposition
44
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Classification: Synovial condyloid (2 DOF) Movement: - Flexion/extension - Adduction/abduction
45
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Classification: Synovial Hinge (1 DOF) Movement: Flexion/extension
46
Distal interphalangeal joint
Classification: Synovial Hinge (1 DOF) Movement: Flexion/extension
47
Hip joint
Classification: Synovial ball & socket (3 DOF) Movement: - Flexion/extension - Adduction/abduction - Lateral/medial rotation
48
Knee joint
Classification: Synovial modified hinge joint Movement: - Flexion/extension - *When knee is flexed: medial & lateral rotation
49
Spinous processes of Vertebral Column
Cervical vertebrae 1 has no spinous process
50
Transverse processes of Vertebral Column
They have a transverse foramen in the cervical region
51
Ribs 1-12, Body of Ribs
Rib 11 and 12 are floating and do not attach to the sternum
52
Posterior superior surface of sacrum
Sacrum is 5 fused vertebrae
53
Median crest of sacrum
fusion of sacral spinous processes
54
Sternum Manubrium (Jugular notch)
Most superior part of the sternum
55
Sternal Angle
Level with the 2nd rib
56
Sternal Body
Largest part of the sternum
57
Xiphoid process
Most inferior part of the sternum (in line w/ rib 7)
58
External Occipital Protuberance
Attachment for trapezius
59
Mandible Angle
Overlays tonsillar lymph node
60
Mandible Condyle
Articulates w/ condylar fossa makes TMJ joint
61
Mandible Coronoid Process
Where temporalis inserts
62
Zygomatic Arch
origin for masseter muscle (1/2 temporal bone, 1/2 zygomatic bone)
63
Scapula – Spine
Separates the supraspinatous and infraspinatous fossa’s
64
Scapula – Coracoid process
Attachment for short head of biceps
65
Scapula – acromion
Forms acromioclavicular joint with lateral end of clavicle
66
Scapula – inferior angle
Where the medial and lateral borders of the scapula intersect
67
Scapula – medial border
insertion for rhomboid major & minor
68
Scapula – lateral border
origin for teres minor & major
69
Scapula – infraspinatus fossa
origin for infraspinatus muscle
70
Scapula – supraspinatus fossa
origin for supraspinatus muscle
71
Clavicle – sternal end
Articulates w/ sternum to form sternoclavicular joint
72
Clavicle – acromial end
Articulates w/ acromion to form acromioclavicular joint
73
Clavicle - body
Origin for sternocleidomastoid muscle
74
Humerus – greater tubercle
Insertion for supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor muscle
75
Humerus – lesser tubercle
Insertion for subscapularis muscle
76
Humerus – medial condyle
Common flexor tendon
77
Humerus – lateral epicondyle
Origin of most extensor muscles of the forearm
78
Ulna – head
Has a styloid process that projects distally
79
Ulna – olecranon process
Origin for flexor carpi ulnaris/ insertion for triceps
80
Radius – styloid process
Brachioradialis inserts just before this landmark
81
Carpal bones – scaphoid
Content of the snuff box / abductor pollicis brevis originates here
82
Carpal bones - pisiform
Insertion for flexor carpi ulnaris
83
Carpal bones – hook of hamate
Insertion for flexor carpi ulnaris
84
Hip bone – iliac crest
in line w/ L4 / origin for tensor fascia lata
85
Hip bone – iliac fossa
Pain in the right iliac fossa can be a sign of appendicitis
86
Hip bone - ASIS
Origin of sartorius muscle
87
Hip bone – ischial tuberosity
Absorbs weight when you sit down/ origin for biceps femoris & semitendinosus
88
Femur – greater trochanter
Gluteus medius inserts on lateral surface
89
Femur – condyle
gastrocnemius originates from both lateral & medial condyles of femur
90
Femur – epicondyle
Medial Cruciate Ligament runs from medial epicondyle to tibia
91
Patella – base
Insertion for quadriceps tendon
92
Patella – apex
Attachment for patellar ligament
93
Patella – medial border
Insertion for vastus medialis
94
Patella – lateral border
Insertion for vastus lateralis
95
Tibia – lateral condyle
Insertion for biceps femoris
96
Tibia – medial condyle
insertion for semimembranosus muscle
97
Tibia – tibial tuberosity
Gives attachment to patellar ligament
98
Tibia – medial malleolus
tibial artery travels behind it
99
Fibula – head
insertion for biceps femoris muscle
100
Fibula – neck
Common fibular nerve travels posteriolaterally to this
101
Fibula – lateral malleolus
Is larger than the medial malleolus

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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