Lecture 12

Question 1

What cytokines induce Th1 differentiation?

Answer 1

IL-2 and IFN-gamma

Question 2

what cytokines are characteristic of Th1 cells?

Answer 2

IL-2 and IFN-gamma

Question 3

What is Th1 cell function?

Answer 3

activate macrohages

Question 4

What cytokines induce Th2 differentiation?

Answer 4

IL-4

Question 5

what cytokines are characteristic of Th2 cells?

Answer 5

Il-4 and IL-5

Question 6

What is the function of Th2 cells?

Answer 6

facilitate response to parasitic infection

Question 7

What cytokines induce Th17 differentiation?

Answer 7

Il-16, TGF-beta, and IL-23

Question 8

What are characteristic cytokines of Th17 cells?

Answer 8

IL-17 and IL-6

Question 9

What cytokines induce Tfh differentiation?

Answer 9

IL-6 and IL-21

Question 10

What are the characteristic cytokines of Tfh?

Answer 10

IL-21

Question 11

What is the function of Th17 cells?

Answer 11

enhance neutrophil response

Question 12

What is the function of Tfh cells?

Answer 12

activate B cell maturation

Question 13

What cytokine induces Treg cell differeniation?

Answer 13

TGF-beta

Question 14

What is the function of Treg cells?

Answer 14

anti-inflammatory response; suppressor other effector T cells

Question 15

What is the importance of Th1 and Th2 balance?

Answer 15

the progression of some diseases depends on the balance between the Th1 and Th2 subsets

Question 16

Describe tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 16

macrophage activation, strong cell-mediated immune response, patients normally survive, Th1 cytokines heavily expressed

Question 17

Describe lepromatous leprosy

Answer 17

depressed cell-mediated response, anergy occurs, patients normally die, Th2 cytokines heavily expressed

Question 18

Naive CD8 Tcells require ________ activation than naive CD4 T cells

Answer 18

stronger

Question 19

How would a dendritic cell activate a naive CD8 T cell on its own?

Answer 19

The DC sends a strong enough signal with the co-stimulatory response that it becomes effective and produces IL-2 to drive its own proliferation and activation

Question 20

How does it work when a dendritic cells needs help activating a naive CD8 T cell?

Answer 20

The DC will activate a CD4 cell to secrete IL-2, which drives the proliferation of the CD8 cells

Question 21

What cell surface molecule allows cells to enter infected tissue?

Answer 21

VLA-4

Question 22

What cell surface molecule allow stronger interactions with target cells?

Answer 22

LFA-1

Question 23

What does VLA-54bind to in an activated/inflammed endothelium?

Answer 23

VCAM-1

Question 24

What do phosphorylated STATS do?

Answer 24

the dimers go to the nucleus and initiate gene expression

Question 25

What are the two lytic granules?

Answer 25

Perforins and granzymes

Question 26

What do perforins do?

Answer 26

form a pore

Question 27

What do granzymes do?

Answer 27

activate apoptosis

Question 28

What acts as the transcription factor in Th1 development?

Answer 28

T-Bet

Question 29

What are the two ways Tfh is identified?

Answer 29

1. location 2. expression of CXCR5 and ICOS

Question 30

What's the difference between natural Treg cells and Induced Treg cells?

Answer 30

natural are committed to regulatory function in the thymus whereas induced differentiate from naive CD4+ T cells in the periphery