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Immunobiology > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain what happens when Ag-selected centrocytes mature under a Tfh cell secreting IL-10?

A

centrocytes differentiate into plasma cells the make Ab to help terminate the current infection

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2
Q

Explain what happens when Ag-selected centrocytes mature under a Tfh cell secreting IL-4?

A

centrocytes differentiate into memory B cells for infection prevention in the future

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3
Q

What Ab is secreted to a fetus in utero?

A

IgG

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4
Q

What Ab is transferred through breastmilk?

A

Dimeric IgA

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5
Q

By what process does IgG move through an endothelial cell?

A

Endocytosis

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6
Q

what does IgG bind to in the vesicle?

A

FcRn

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7
Q

What keeps IgG and FcRn associated with each other/avoiding degradation?

A

low pH

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8
Q

By what process is IgA secreted through an epithelial cell?

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

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9
Q

Which receptor does IgA bind?

A

PlgR

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10
Q

What is the function of IgM?

A

complement activation

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11
Q

What are the functions of IgG?

A

complement activation, neutralization, and opsonization

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12
Q

What is the function of IgA?

A

neutralization

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13
Q

What is the function of IgE?

A

activate mast cells

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14
Q

IgM is in ______ form is plasma and ______ conformation when bound to a pathogen

A

planar; staple

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15
Q

What happens when Fc receptors bind to the fc portion of an Ab-coated pathogen?

A

accessory effector cells are activated

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16
Q

Define immune complex.

A

small Ag/Ab complexes that form in circulation and activate complement

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17
Q

What binds immune complexes?

A

Cq1

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18
Q

Explain the results of Cq1 binging immune complexes.

A

the complex gets coated in C3b, CR1 on an erythrocyte will bind the C3b and carry the complex to the liver or spleen, the complex is then taken up by a macrophage

19
Q

Which cells are considered innate sensor cells?

A

epithelial cells, tissue-resident mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells

20
Q

Name two functions of innate sensor cells.

A

initiate local inflammation and activate ILCs

21
Q

Where are innate lymphoid cells located?

A

barrier tissues

22
Q

What do ILCs lack?

A

Ag-specific receptors

23
Q

Do ILCs act early or late in immune responses?

24
Q

A type 1 response is for what type of pathogen?

A

intracellular

25
What cytokine secreted from intracellular bacteria/viruses activates ILCs?
IL-12
26
What cells does Il-12 induce i a type 1 response?
ILC1 and NK cells
27
What do ILC1 and NK cells secrete?
IFN-gamma
28
A type 2 response is for what type of pathogen?
parastites
29
Which cytokines secreted by parasites induce ILCs?
TSLP, IL-33, IL-25
30
What cell is activated in a type 2 resonse?
ILC2
31
ILC2 secretes which cytokines?
IL-13 and IL-5
32
A type 3 response reacts to what type of pathogen?
extracellular bacteria
33
Which cytokine induces ILC3?
IL-23
34
What cytokines are then secreted by activated ILC3?
IL-17 and IL-22
35
What is the difference between naive T cells and effector T cells regarding L-selectin?
Naive T cells express L-selectin whereas effector t cells lose L-selection and express VLA-4 and LFA-1 instead
36
Vaguely explain lymphocyte homing.
Priming sites will "imprint" on an effector T cell and give it the ability to traffic to specific tissues
37
The expression of ________ and _________ receptors is altered during effector T cell differentiation.
adhesion; chemokine
38
How are macrophages activated in a Th1 response?
classical activation
39
what are the two signals needed for classical activation?
IFn-gamma and CD40L
40
Describe M1 macrophages?
secrete TNF-alpha, produce nitric oxide/superoxide, increase MHCII and B7 expression for more efficient T cell activation
41
How are macrophages activated in a Th2 response?
alternative activation
42
How do M2 macrophages create an "unfriendly" environment for parasites?
increased smooth muscle contraction, turnover of epithelial cells, increased mucous production from goblet cells
43
In a Th17 (type 3) response, what cytokine plays an important role in clearance of the extracellular pathogen?
IL-22
44
What does IL-22 do in a Th17 coordinated reponse?
stimulates epithelial cell proliferation and shedding to remove the bacteria or fungi

Immunobiology (13 decks)

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