Lecture 12 Intro to Metabolism

Question 1

delta G nought

Answer 1

standard free energy of the reaction
characteristic of a given reaction (tables)

Question 2

delta g

Answer 2

free energy of rxn given current concentrations of reactants and products

Question 3

at equilibrium, what is delta g?

Answer 3

0

Question 4

at equilibrium, what is Qr?

Answer 4

Keq

Question 5

reaction quotient when dynamic

Answer 5

Qr=[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b

Question 6

equilibrium constant

Answer 6

Keq = [C]^ceq[D]^deq/[A]^aeq[B]^Beq

Question 7

biochemical stantd state of [h2o]

Answer 7

55.5 M

Question 8

biochemical standard state pH

Answer 8

[H+] = 10^-7 at pH 7

Question 9

biochemical standard state physiological Mg

Answer 9

[Mg 2+] = 1 mM

Question 10

biochemical standard state temperature

Answer 10

37 degrees celsius

Question 11

why is atp high in energy

Answer 11

considerable amount of negative charge on one face of the molecule
- lots of repelling negative charges

Question 12

bonds between phosphates in atp

Answer 12

phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 13

what does Mg do with ATP

Answer 13

chelates and binds to two of the negatively charged phosphates, allows for -4 charge to be turned into -2 charge

Question 14

which phosphate is cleaved

Answer 14

gamma

Question 15

delta g nought prime of atp hydrolysis

Answer 15

-30.5 kj/mol

Question 16

kinetics for atp hydrolysis

Answer 16

very slow

Question 17

what makes a high-energy phosphate bond

Answer 17

1. electrostatic repulsion (destabilized ATP relative to ADP and P)
2. resonance stabilization (free P can delocalize e- better than when bonded)
3. ADP and P ionization (hydrolisis products tend to release H+, more - charge and e- can delocalize more)
4. interactions with H2o, improved solvation of free P and ADP by surrounding water

Question 18

phosphoester bond

Answer 18

Forms between a phosphate group and an organic molecule (e.g., sugar or alcohol) via an ester linkage (C–O–P).

Question 19

enol phosphate bond

Answer 19

high-energy chemical linkage where a phosphate group is attached to the hydroxyl (–OH) group of an enol structure—a compound containing a hydroxyl group adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C)

Question 20

why is enol phosphate bond so high in energy

Answer 20

tautomerization to keto form, more stable
electrostatic repulsion and better hydration

Question 21

ATP -> ADP + P delta g nought prime

Answer 21

-30.5 kJ/mol

Question 22

PEP -> pyruvate + P delta g nought prime

Answer 22

-61.9 kJ/mol

Question 23

BPG -> 3-PG + P + H+ delta g nought prime

Answer 23

-49.3 kJ/mol

Question 24

why could a rxn that is unfavorable go through

Answer 24

low products and higher reactants make the q negative

Question 25

where is nad+ used

Answer 25

mitochondria

Question 26

where is nadp+ used

Answer 26

cytosol

Question 27

which electrons carrier is more versatile and why

Answer 27

flavins, can transport one or two electrons