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Microbiology > Lecture 12 Part I - Fungi & Algae > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Part I - Fungi & Algae Flashcards

1
Q

Which Domain Do Fungi Belong To?

A

Eukarya

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2
Q

saprohphyte (saprobes)

A

get their nutrients by decomposing material

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3
Q

heterotrophs

A

get food from their environment

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4
Q

autotrophs

A

can make their own food

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5
Q

All fungi develop from ______.

A

spores

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6
Q

endospore

A

a protective coating formed around some BACTERIA which go dormant to survive harsh conditions

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7
Q

spores

A

how fungi reproduce

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8
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

baker’s yeast / brewer’s yeast

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9
Q

mycoses

A

fungal infections

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10
Q

Of about 100,000 species of fungi, how many can cause disease in humans and animals?

A

~100

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11
Q

Can fungi grow in jam, syrup and honey with high osmotic pressure?

A

Yes.

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12
Q

Which generally can grow better in a more acidic environment: Bacteria or Fungi?

A

Fungi

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13
Q

Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

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14
Q

Are molds unicellular or multicellular?

A

multicellular

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15
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum

A

mold used to make the antibiotic penicillin

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16
Q

Aspergillus niger AKA

A

black mold

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17
Q

Lycoperdon perlatum AKA

A

puffball

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18
Q

Agaricus bisporous AKA

A

pizza mushroom

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19
Q

thallus

A

the body of mold and fleshy fungi
composed of long, branched hyphae

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20
Q

hyphae

A

branching fillaments that make up the thallus (body) of fungi

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21
Q

Two Types of Hyphae

A

spetate & nonseptate

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22
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

opportunistic pathogenic fungi

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23
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

a microbe that is likely to cause disease in someone who is already ill, or immunocompromised as opposed to someone who is healthy.

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24
Q

mycelium

A

the network of tangled hyphae

(the mycelium is what makes molds look fuzzy)

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25
Q

What fungi often causes bread, strawberries and other fruit to mold?

A

Rhizopus

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26
Q

On a fleshy, standard looking mushroom, where is the mycelium?

A

in the ground (looks like roots)

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27
Q

Are fungi reproduced sexually or asexually?

A

Either

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28
Q

Are Aspergiullus fungi septate or nonseptate?

A

Septate

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29
Q

Are Rhizopus fungi septate or nonseptate?

A

Non-Septate

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30
Q

Do yeasts reproduce sexualy or asexually?

A

Asexually

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31
Q

Two methods by which yeasts reproduce

A
  • Budding
  • Fission
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32
Q

Difference between Budding and Fission

A

both are asexual methods via which yeasts reproduce, but BUDDING is an UNEVEN split of one yeast cell into two whereas FISSION is an EVEN splitting of one yeast cell into two.

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33
Q

pseudohyphae

A

fake appearing hyphae

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34
Q

Do yeasts form hyphae?

A

No, because they are unicellular.

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35
Q

Do yeasts for a mycelium?

A

No, because they are unicellular.

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36
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A

can grow unicellular like a yeast or multicellular like a mold depending on the conditions of the environment

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37
Q

Histoplasma can cause ______.

A

pulmonary infections

38
Q

Genus of Fungi Often Found in Chicken Poop

A

Histoplasma

39
Q

chronic illness

A

long lasting illness

40
Q

Are mycoses generally acute or chronic infections?

A

CHRONIC because fungi grow slowly

41
Q

Systemic Infection

A

generally begins in the lungs and spreads throughout the whole body

42
Q

Subcutaneous Infection

A

infection beneath the skin

43
Q

Cutaneous Infection

A

infection of the skin

44
Q

What type of fungi generally cause subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Saprophytic

45
Q

What type of fungi generally cause cutaneous mycoses?

A

dermatophytes that can degrade the protective keratin barrier of the skin

46
Q

Superficial Infection

A

infection along the hair shafts and surface of epidermal (skin) cells

47
Q

Opportunistic Infection

A

normally harmless species can be pathogenic in someone who is immunocompromised, very young, or very old, etc

48
Q

Valley Fever is caused by

A

Coccidioides immitis

49
Q

Coccidiomycosis AKA

A

Valley Fever

50
Q

What type of fungi is Coccidioides immitis?

A

dimorphic fungi
(meaning it can be unicellular or multicellular depending on its environmental conditions)

51
Q

Describe the symptoms of Coccidiodomycosis

A
  • flu-like
  • 40% may require hospitalization
  • ulcers
  • heart inflammation
  • UTI
52
Q

Treatment for a systemic fungal infection such as Coccidiodomyces

A

Amphotericin B

53
Q

Amphotericin B is produced by which bacteria?

A

Streptomyces nodosus

54
Q

Spororthrix Schenckii causes

A

Sporotrichosis

55
Q

What type of fungi is Sporothrix schenckii?

A

Dimorphic Fungus

56
Q

Sporotrichosis AKA

A

Rose Grower’s Disease

57
Q

Symptoms of Sporotrichosis

A
  • ulcers
  • pus
  • may spread to lymphatic system
58
Q

What can be used to treat a cutaneous sporotrichosis infection?

A

KI
(potassium iodide)

59
Q

What can be used to treat a systemic sporotrichosis infection?

A

Intraconazole or Amphotericin B

60
Q

-azole

A

suffix indicating medications often used to treat fungal infections

61
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses AKA _____ & _____.

A

Ring Worm or Tinea

62
Q

Often causes tinea or ringworm

A

Malassezia furfur

63
Q

often prescribed for oral thrush

A

Fluconazole

64
Q

often prescribed for vaginal yeast infection

A

Fluconazole

65
Q

Tinea capitis

A

fungal infection on the head

66
Q

Tinea cruris AKA

A

Jock Itch

67
Q

Tinea pedis AKA

A

Athlete’s Foot

68
Q

Tinea unguium AKA

A

Toenail Fungus

69
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

superficial mycoses often causing dandruff

70
Q

Fungi causing Tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia globosa

71
Q

Fung often causing dandruff

A

Malassezia globosa

72
Q

Fungi often causing pneumonia in patients with AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

73
Q

Causes candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

74
Q

Causes Oral Thrush

A

Candida albicans

75
Q

Causes Vaginal Yeast Infection

A

Candida albicans

76
Q

Causes Cryptococcus

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
(an encapsulated yeast)

77
Q

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans often found?

A

bird droppings

78
Q

Fungi that can cause meningitis or encephalitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

79
Q

Are algae heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

Autotrophs
(becaue they can produce their own food)

80
Q

What Eukaryotic Kingdom to algae belong to?

A

Protists

81
Q

Can protists grow in snow?

A

yes

82
Q

How do algae grow and produce their own food?

A

photosynthesis

83
Q

algal bloom

A

seasonal changes causes excessive growth of algae which can ultimately kill off other aquatic life

84
Q

3 types of algae

A

Brown Algae
Red Algae
Green Algae

85
Q

Example of Brown Algae

A

Giant Kelp

86
Q

Example of Red Algae

A

Agar
(also found in coral reefs)

87
Q

Dinoflagellates AKA

A

plankton

88
Q

Red Tide

A

Red or Brown Dinoflagellates can produce neurotoxins which infect fish and shell fish

89
Q

describe what a diatom looks like

A

unicellular algae with cell walls contianing pecitin and silica

(super pretty and look like little beads or crystals under a microscope)

90
Q

Two Molecules that Contibute to Excessive Growth of Algae

A

Phosphates & Nitrates

91
Q
A

Microbiology (22 decks)

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