Lecture 13

Question 1

What are the cellular components of the innate system

Answer 1

Monocytes/Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast Cells
Innate Lymphoid Cells

Question 2

What are the cellular components of the adaptive system

Answer 2

B cells/Plasma cells

T cells

Question 3

Myeloid Polymorphonuclear cells

Answer 3

Neutrophils, Eosinophils,

Basophils, Mast cells

Question 4

Mononuclear cells

Answer 4

Monocytes/Macrophages(innate ) and B cells and T cells (adaptive)

Question 5

Lymphoid cells

Answer 5

Killer ILCs and Helper ILCs

Question 6

what characterizes a PMN

Answer 6

a lobed nucleus

Question 7

Most abundant PMNs

Answer 7

neutrophils

Question 8

what is the function of neutrophils

Answer 8

▪ 1
1st to arrive at site of inflammation
(join the resident cells)

Question 9

How do neutrophils destroy organisms

Answer 9

• Phagocytosis
• Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)
• release of hydrolytic enzymes

Question 10

Time line for neutrophils

Answer 10

1-3 days

Question 11

What are the functions of eosinophils

Answer 11

• Play a role in elimination of parasitic
helminths and allergic reactions
• Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
• Activated by IL5

Question 12

What granules would you find in eosinophils

Answer 12

-Inside: basic proteins, cationic protein,
neurotoxin
-Outside: histaminase, peroxidase,
cathepsin

Question 13

What is the function of basophils

Answer 13

• Play a role in allergic reactions

Question 14

whats unique about basophils

Answer 14

• They last for long periods of time

- has basic granules

Question 15

What are the basophilic specific granules

Answer 15

heparin, histamine, chemotactic

factors, peroxidase

Question 16

How can Mast cells be activated ?

Answer 16

innate TLRs
and antibodydependent (IgE)

Question 17

Function of mast cells

Answer 17

Play important role in
development of
allergies

Question 18

Describe agranulocytes

Answer 18

-one-lobed nucleus
-characterized by the absence
of granules in their cytoplasm

Question 19

Mononuclear phagocytes

Answer 19

Monocytes circulate in blood and
then migrate into tissue and
differentiate into specific
macrophage

Question 20

What are the general functions of macrophages

Answer 20

-Surveillance
-Ingest and eliminate material
-To extract immunogenic
information (antigen
presenting cell, APC)

Question 21

What are the functions of dendritic cells(the gossip girl)

Answer 21

Surveillance
• Initiation of inflammatory response
• Stimulation of adaptive immune system

Question 22

Describe dendritic cells

Answer 22

Long membranous extensions and CD14+

Question 23

What gives rise to DC2 cells

Answer 23

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, that originate from lymphoid

precursors

Question 24

What constitutes the DC1

Answer 24

-myeloid precursors
- follicular
dendritic cells and Langerhans cells

Question 25

Natural killer cells

Answer 25

``` ▪Innate immune response to intracellular organisms (viruses) and tumor cells ▪Large, mononuclear, granular ▪Surface markers- CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56 ```

Question 26

How do ICLs help in the immune system

Answer 26

They secrete cytokines

Question 27

Where can we find the most ILCs ( innate lymphoid cells )

Answer 27

intestinal, pulmonary, and oropharyngeal mucosal tissue

Question 28

What do B cells differentiate into an when do they so

Answer 28

-Plasma cells -memory cells they differentiate after the antigen is encountered

Question 29

Plasma vs memory cells time line

Answer 29

- Plasma - die within 1-2 weeks | - Memory cells have a longer life span

Question 30

What do T cells differentiate into

Answer 30

* Effector T cells | * Memory T cells

Question 31

Effector T cells

Answer 31

- T helper cells - T regulatory - T cytotoxic

Question 32

How does a T cell receptors work

Answer 32

Only recognize antigen (peptides) that is bound to cell | MHC

Question 33

T helper cells

Answer 33

-CD4 -MHC II (extracellular ) -“help” activation of B cells, TC cells, macrophages in immune response

Question 34

T cytotoxic cells

Answer 34

-CD8 -MHC I -Eliminates virus/intracellular microbes infected cells

Question 35

T regulatory cells

Answer 35

``` -CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 -suppress the immune system after it’s been upregulated(after infection has been cleared ) -▪Maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune diseases ```

Question 36

Memory T cell

Answer 36

- previously encountered and responded | - may be CD4 OR CD8

Question 37

Common ground rules for CD markers

Answer 37

- Most of the have CD45 - B cells have higher values like CD19,CD20 - T regulatory has the foxp3