Lecture 13

Question 1

What is the basic structure of ATP?

Answer 1

-3 phosphate groups
-ribose
-adenine

Question 2

Where does ATP contain its energy?

Answer 2

ATP contains energy in its chemical bonds that all cells can use to perform work in the cells

Question 3

What are chemotrophs? (autotrophs vs. heterotrophs)

Answer 3

chemotrophs: energy from chemical compounds
autotrophs: carbon from CO2
heterotrophs: carbon from organic compounds

Question 4

what are phototrophs?(autotrophs vs. heterotrophs)

Answer 4

phototrophs: energy from sunlight
autotrophs: carbon from CO2
heterotrophs: carbon from organic compounds

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

the building up and breaking down of carbon sources to harness or release energy

Question 6

catabolism

Answer 6

breakdown of molecules into smaller units to produce ATP

Question 7

anabolism

Answer 7

building of molecules from smaller units; requires ATP energy

Question 8

what type of work do cells need to carry out?

Answer 8

-synthesize DNA, RNA, and proteins
-move vesicles
pumping substances across membranes

Question 9

kinetic energy

Answer 9

-energy of motion

Question 10

potential energy

Answer 10

-stored energy

Question 11

chemical energy

Answer 11

We obtain energy from the food we eat, which contains chemical energy: a form of potential energy

Question 12

where is chemical energy stored in ATP?

Answer 12

The chemical energy of ATP is held in the bonds connecting the phosphate groups

Question 13

what is an open system?

Answer 13

In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
-organisms are open systems

Question 14

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 14

-energy is neither created nor destroyed—it transforms from one form to another
-The first law is also called the Principle of Conservation of Energy

Question 15

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 15

-there is a loss of energy available to do work when energy is transformed