Lecture #13

Question 1

What is Specific Immunity?

Answer 1

A ‘smart’ system with memory for rapid response to pathogens

Acquired over time and triggered by specific antigens.

Question 2

What are Antigens?

Answer 2

Anything stimulating a specific immune response

Includes antigenic determinants (epitopes) recognized by the immune system.

Question 3

What is an antigenic determinant (epitope)?

Answer 3

3D region of an antigen recognized by the immune system.

Question 4

How does the immune system recognize antigens?

Answer 4

Recognizes parts of antigens, not the entire antigen.

Question 5

List the types of antigens.

Answer 5

• Exogenous Antigens
• Endogenous Antigens
• Autoantigens

Question 6

What are Exogenous Antigens?

Answer 6

Found on invaders outside of body cells; visible to the immune system.

Question 7

What are Endogenous Antigens?

Answer 7

Found on invaders inside body cells; visible only when incorporated into the cell membrane.

Question 8

What are Autoantigens?

Answer 8

Found on body cells; immune cells recognizing these are destroyed during development to prevent attacking healthy cells.

Question 9

What are Lymphocytes?

Answer 9

Type of leukocyte made from stem cells in bone marrow.

Question 10

Where do B Lymphocytes mature?

Answer 10

In bone marrow.

Question 11

Where do T Lymphocytes mature?

Answer 11

In thymus.

Question 12

What is the role of activated B cells (plasma cells)?

Answer 12

Make copies of themselves and secrete specific antibodies.

Question 13

What types of antibodies do B cells produce?

Answer 13

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD.

Question 14

What is the function of antibodies?

Answer 14

• Activation of complement
• Activation of natural killer cells.

Question 15

What activates T Lymphocytes?

Answer 15

Binding to an antigen bound to an MHC molecule on a body cell.

Question 16

List the types of T Lymphocytes.

Answer 16

• Cytotoxic T cells (Tc or Tcyt)
• Helper T cells (TH1 and TH2)
• Regulatory T cells (Tr)

Question 17

What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

Answer 17

Glycoprotein on body cell surfaces that alerts the immune system about invaders.

Question 18

What is the function of MHC-I?

Answer 18

Displays endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 19

What is the function of MHC-II?

Answer 19

Displays exogenous antigens to helper T cells.

Question 20

What does the Humoral Immune Response target?

Answer 20

Exogenous antigens.

Question 21

Key players in the Humoral Immune Response include?

Answer 21

• B cells (plasma and memory cells)
• T cells (TH2)
• MHC-II

Question 22

What is clonal selection in B cell activation?

Answer 22

Selecting for the B cell clone that can recognize the antigen.

Question 23

What happens during Immunological Memory?

Answer 23

Subsequent exposure to antigen produces faster, stronger responses.

Question 24

What does the Cell-Mediated Immune Response target?

Answer 24

Endogenous antigens.

Question 25

Key players in the Cell-Mediated Immune Response include?

Answer 25

* T cells (TH1, Tcyt) * MHC-I and MHC-II

Question 26

What is Acquired Immunity?

Answer 26

Specific immunity acquired during life.

Question 27

List the types of Acquired Immunity.

Answer 27

* Naturally Acquired * Artificially Acquired

Question 28

What is naturally acquired immunity?

Answer 28

Immune response against antigens encountered in daily life.

Question 29

What is artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 29

Response to antigens introduced by a vaccine.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Passive immunity involves antibodies passed from _______.

Answer 30

[mother to child].

Question 31

What is the role of memory T cells?

Answer 31

Survive for years; secondary exposure to antigen produces faster, stronger response.