LECTURE 13

Question 1

SCAN CONVERTER IS ALSO KNOWN AS:

Answer 1

MEMORY

Question 2

FUNCTION OF SCAN CONVERTER:

Answer 2

STORES INFO FROM RECEIVER.

Question 3

TWO METHODS OF STORING DATA:

Answer 3

ANALOG AND DIGITAL.

Question 4

ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF ANALOG SCAN CONVERTER:

Answer 4

EXCELLENT RESOLUTION.

UNSTABLE IMAGE.

Question 5

WHAT DOES A DIGITAL SCAN CONVERTER DO?

Answer 5

• TRANSLATES ANALOG INFORMATION TO DIGITAL AND STORES DATA IN DIGITAL FORM.
• SIGNALS STORED AS NUMBERS IN RAM.

(NUMBERS ARE BINARY)

Question 6

ADVANTAGE OF A DIGITAL SCAN CONVERTER:

Answer 6

DIGITAL STORAGE IS VERY STABLE.

Question 7

WHAT IS A BIT?

Answer 7

BINARY NUMBER.

Question 8

T/F: A BIT CAN ONLY BE ON OR OFF.

Answer 8

TRUE
0=OFF
1=ON

Question 9

HOW MANY BITS MAKE UP A BYTE?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

WHAT IS A PIXEL?

Answer 10

A SINGLE POINT IN A GRAPHIC IMAGE.

INFORMATION IS STORED AS A BIT WITHIN A PIXEL

Question 11

THE MORE PIXELS THE BETTER THE:

Answer 11

SPATIAL RESOLUTION.

Question 12

WHY IS THERE BETTER SPATIAL RESOLUTION WITH MORE PIXELS?

Answer 12

PIXEL DENSITY INCREASES.

SPATIAL RESOLUTION INCREASES.

Question 13

HOW MANY SHADES OF GRAY WILL:
A TWO BIT SYSTEM DISPLAY?
A FIVE BIT SYSTEM DISPLAY?

Answer 13

• 4

- 32

Question 14

THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF BITS:

Answer 14

-THE BETTER THE CONTRAST RESOLUTION.

Question 15

PIXEL’S LOCATION RELATES TO:

Answer 15

ECHO ARRIVAL TIME AND BEAM ORIENTATION.

Question 16

PREPROCESSING OCCURS:

Answer 16

BEFORE INFORMATION HAS BEEN STORED IN MEMORY.

Question 17

T/F: POSTPROCESSING OCCURS IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE INFORMATION IS RECEIVED FROM TRANSDUCER.

Answer 17

FALSE.

Question 18

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

RES (WRITE ZOOM, HD ZOOM)

Answer 18

PRE

Question 19

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT (CALIPER PLACEMENT)

Answer 19

POST

Question 20

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
DYNAMIC RANGE (LOG COMPRESSION)

Answer 20

PRE

Question 21

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?
READ MAGNIFICATION (ZOOM)

Answer 21

POST

Question 22

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

B/W INVERSION

Answer 22

POST

Question 23

PREPROCESSING OR POSTPROCESSING?

TGC

Answer 23

PRE

Question 24

A TYPE OF FRAME AVERAGING USED TO MAKE THE IMAGE APPEAR SMOOTHER.

Answer 24

PERSISTANCE

Question 25

HIGHER PERSISTANCE RESULTS IN:

Answer 25

DECREASED TEMPORAL RESOLUTION (FRAME RATE).

Question 26

HIGHER PERSISTANCE IS USED FOR:

Answer 26

SLOW MOVING STRUCTURES.

Question 27

EDGE ENHANCEMENT IS GOOD FOR:

Answer 27

DIFFERENTIATING CYSTS FROM MASSES.

Question 28

T/F: TOO MUCH SMOOTHING WILL RESULT IN A LOSS OF TEMPORAL DETAIL.

Answer 28

FALSE - SPATIAL DETAIL.

Question 29

- A TECHNIQUE USED FOR FILLING IN MISSING PIXELS. (SPACIAL COMPOUNDING) - ADDS SIGNAL BRIGHTNESS BASED ON AVERAGE BRIGHTNESS OF SURROUNDING PIXELS.

Answer 29

FILL-IN INTERPOLATION

Question 30

INCREASING THE NUMBER OF SHADES OF GRAY:

Answer 30

ADD MORE BITS TO SYSTEM. | MORE BITS=MORE SHADES OF GRAY

Question 31

DETERMINING HOW MANY SHADES OF GRAY SCAN CONVERTER CAN DISPLAY:

Answer 31

NUMBER 2 RAISED TO THE POWER OF THE NUMBER OF BITS.

Question 32

PREPROCESSING:

Answer 32

- ALLOWS CHANGE, ALTERATION OR MANIPULATION OF ECHO SIGNALS BEFORE STORED IN CPU MEMORY. - NOT OPERABLE AFTER IMAGE IS FROZEN.

Question 33

- WAY OF ENLARGING AREA OF INTEREST ONLY. - ALL SCAN LINES AND MORE PIXELS CONTAINED. - BETTER SPACIAL RESOLUTION.

Answer 33

WRITE ZOOM (RES)

Question 34

POSTPROCESSING:

Answer 34

- ALLOWS SONOGRAPHER TO CHANGE, MANIPULATE, OR ALTER ECHO SIGNALS AFTER BEING STORED IN CPU MEMORY. - ONLY AFTER FRAME IS FROZEN.

Question 35

A TYPE OF FILTERING TO INCREASE THE APPEARANCE OF SMALL HIGH CONTRAST STRUCTURES.

Answer 35

EDGE ENHANCEMENT.

Question 36

- FILTERING TECHNIQUE USED TO REDUCE NOISE. - TYPE OF PIXEL AVERAGING. - MAKES IMAGE APPEAR SMOOTHER (SOFTER). - TOO MUCH CAN RESULT IN A LOSS OF SPATIAL DETAIL.

Answer 36

SMOOTHING.