Lecture 13

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

Located in mediastinum between the lungs, just superior to the diaphragm.

Question 2

What is the pericardium?

Answer 2

Serous membrane that surrounds and protects the heart.

Question 3

Describe the structure of a serous membrane?

Answer 3

The serous membrane has two layers, Outer Parietal layer-Dense irregular connective tissue. Inner visceral layer-Adheres to heart, epithelial cells that secrete pericardial fluid into pericardial cavity (space between layers of pericardium)

Question 4

What does pericardial fluid reduce?

Answer 4

Friction between the layers of the paricardium

Question 5

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 5

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

Question 6

The endothelium is a part of which layer of the heart?

Answer 6

Endocardium, continuous with the endothelium of vessels that open into the heart chambers. (Lines entire cardiovascular system)

Question 7

The visceral pericardium makes up which layer?

Answer 7

Epicardium

Question 8

What type of tissue is the myocardium?

Answer 8

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 9

What valves have chordae tendinae and papillary muscle associated with them.

Answer 9

The Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid)

Question 10

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 10

The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium). It delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Question 11

Through which vessels does blood enter the right atrium?

Answer 11

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

Question 12

Through which vessels does blood enter the left atrium?

Answer 12

Pulmonary veins (oxygenated)

Question 13

Is blood leaving the left ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 13

Oxygenated

Question 14

Is blood leaving the right ventricle oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 14

Deoxygenated

Question 15

Is blood entering the right atrium oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 15

Deoxygenated

Question 16

What is meant by the term “systemic circulation”?

Answer 16

Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 17

What vessel does the right and left coronary arteries branch off of?

Answer 17

Ascending aorta

Question 18

What area(s) of the body does the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery supply blood to?

Answer 18

Brachiocephalic trunk - [R Subclavian] R arm. [R Common Carotid artery] Neck and head.
Left common carotid artery - Neck and head
Left Subclavian - Left arm

Question 19

What area(s) of the body do the R and L common iliac arteries supply blood to?

Answer 19

Pelvis and lower limbs

Question 20

Where is the Sinoatrial (SA)Node located?

Answer 20

Right Atrium

Question 21

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) Node located?

Answer 21

Right Atrium

Question 22

Where is the Bundle of His (AV bundle) located?

Answer 22

Interventricular Septum. Between ventricles before splitting to right and left bundle branches.

Question 23

What and where are the right and left bundle branches?

Answer 23

The bundle branches (left and right) are the first division in the ventricular conduction system after the Bundle of His.

Question 24

The base of the heart refers to which area of the heart?

Answer 24

Top of the cone, Top, broad area of the heart.

Question 25

The apex of the heart refers to which area of the heart?

Answer 25

Bottom of the cone; bottom, pointy area of the heart.

Question 26

What is the function of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves?

Answer 26

Functions to prevent back flow.

Question 27

What are the parts of the aorta?

Answer 27

``` Ascending aorta, Arch of aorta Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta ```

Question 28

Which artery does the Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch descend from?

Answer 28

Left coronary artery

Question 29

Which artery does the Posterior interventricular branch and marginal branch descend from?

Answer 29

Right coronary artery

Question 30

T or F? The thoracic aorta divides into the left and right common iliac.

Answer 30

False, the abdominal aorta

Question 31

T or F? Circulation; Right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary circulation to left atrium to left ventricle to systemic circulation back to Right atrium.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T or F? Circulation: Veins to venules to capillaries to arterioles to arteries

Answer 32

False it is Arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins

Question 33

Which veins carry oxygenated blood? 1. coronary sinus 2. supperior vera cava 3. interior vera cava 4. pulmonary vein 5. veins do not carry oxygenated blood

Answer 33

answer: 4 coronary sinus: blood carrying from left ventricle to arota and back to right ventricle by this superior vera cava: all blood above the heart and go back to right atrium interior vrera cava: go back to right ventricle.

Question 34

Where is the mitral valve? 1. b/w right atrium and ventricle 2. b/w right ventricle and plumonary trunk 3. b/w left atrium and ventricle 4. b/w left ventricle and arota

Answer 34

answer: 3 1--> tricuspid valve 2--> pulmonary valve 4--> aorta valve