Lecture 13

Question 1

What makes a Greek hero?

Answer 1

▪ Not inherently “good” or virtuous
▪ Aristocratic mortal males from the distant past
▪ Generally stronger than contemporary Greeks
▪ Connected to important city-states and worshipped at heroa (heroön)

Question 2

What is a heroa (heroön)?

Answer 2

Was a shrine dedicated to an ancient Greek hero and used for the commemoration or cult worship of the hero

Question 3

How do we interpret Herakles? (5)

Answer 3

▪ Greatest of Greek Heroes
▪ Humorous oaf
▪ Pan-Hellenic explorer
▪ Bringer of civilization (but also a brute!)
▪ Conqueror of Deat

Question 4

Was Herakles pan-Hellenic

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Who was Herakle’s twin?

Answer 5

Iphikles

Question 6

What are the 12 Labours? (12)

Answer 6

1. Nemean Lion
2. Lernaean Hydra
3. Ceryneian Deer
4. Erymanthian Boar
5. Augean Stables
6. Stymphalian Birds
7. Cretan Bull
8. Horses of Diomedes
9. Girdle of Hippolyta
10. Cattle of Geryon
11. Apples of the Hesperides
12. Cerberus

Question 7

Which of the 12 labours took place near Mycenae, Peloponnesus? (6)

Answer 7

1. Nemean Lion
2. Lernaean Hydra
3. Ceryneian Deer
4. Erymanthian Boar
5. Augean Stables
6. Stymphalian Birds

Question 8

Which of the 12 labors took place at Broader Greek world (Crete, Thrace, Black Sea, Italy, Spain/N. Africa)? (4)

Answer 8

1. Cretan Bull
2. Horses of Diomedes
3. Girdle of Hippolyta
4. Cattle of Geryon

Question 9

Which of the 12 labors took place at “Heaven and Hell”? (2)

Answer 9

1. Apples of the Hesperides

2. Cerberus

Question 10

What was special about THE NEMEAN LION’s fur?

Answer 10

It could not be cut by a mortal weapon

Question 11

What did Herakles take from the Nemean lion after victory?

Answer 11

Its skin and club

Question 12

Who helped Herakles defeat the Hydra?

Answer 12

Iolaos

Question 13

What did Herakles dip his arrows in after killing the Hydra?

Answer 13

The Hydra’s poison blood

Question 14

What was Herakle’s reward if he could clean THE AUGEAN STABLES in 1 day?

Answer 14

1/10 of the Augean entire cattle

Question 15

What were the two rivers that Herakles used to clean the stables?

Answer 15

Alpheus and Peneus

Question 16

Where does this take place

Answer 16

Olympia

Question 17

Who was Hippolyta’s father?

Answer 17

Ares

Question 18

Who was Hippolyta?

Answer 18

Amazon queen

Question 19

Who were the amazons?

Answer 19

“man-killing” warrior women living just beyond the boundaries of civilization

Question 20

What did Hippolyta have?

Answer 20

A magical girdle

Question 21

How did Hera trick the Amazon?

Answer 21

She posed as one of them and said Herakles was going to kidnap their queen

Question 22

Who killed Hippolyta?

Answer 22

Herakles

Question 23

Who provides transportation to Herakles in CATTLE OF GERYON?

Answer 23

Helios (the sun)

Question 24

Who was Busiris?

Answer 24

Posiden’s son.

Question 25

What did Busiris try to do?

Answer 25

Kill Herakles

Question 26

Who was Nereus?

Answer 26

A sea god known as "the old man of the sea"

Question 27

What was Nereus able to do?

Answer 27

Transform into different shapes

Question 28

Who was Cacus?

Answer 28

A fire-breathing giant

Question 29

Who was Cerberus

Answer 29

A multi-headed dog that guards the gates of the Underworld to prevent the dead from leaving

Question 30

What is apotheosis?

Answer 30

process of becoming divine

Question 31

Who was Nessus?

Answer 31

A famous centaur who was killed by Heracles, and whose tainted blood, in turn, killed Heracles

Question 32

Who was Iolaos?

Answer 32

nephew/companion/lover

Question 33

Who was Eurystheus

Answer 33

The king of Tiryns

Question 34

Why did Herakles have to serve Eurystheus?

Answer 34

Punishment for killing Megara and his children

Question 35

Who was Megara?

Answer 35

Herakles first wife

Question 36

Who was Omphale?

Answer 36

Queen of Lydia

Question 37

What did Herakles have to do for Omphale?

Answer 37

Serve as her slave for 3 years