Lecture 13 and 14

Question 1

What is plasma?

Answer 1

4th stage of matter, ionised gas

Question 2

1 joule =___ cal

Answer 2

0.239

Question 3

1 cal = ___ J

Answer 3

4.184

Question 4

carbon sources

Answer 4

Autotroph and heterotroph

Question 5

energy sources

Answer 5

Phototrophs and chemotrophs

Question 6

Chemoautotroph fuel synthesis from hydrogen sulfide

Answer 6

12H2S+6CO2–>C6H12O6+6H2O+12S

Question 7

Give an example of chemoautotroph that oxidizes hydrogen sulfide.

Answer 7

Purple sulfur bacteria (chromatiaceae bacteria)

Question 8

reducing equivalent

Answer 8

lithotrophs (inorganic compounds) organotrophs

Question 9

Glycolysis produces:

Answer 9

2ATp
2NADH
2H+

Question 10

Citric acid cycle produces

Answer 10

10NADH

2FADH2

Question 11

Electron transport chain produces

Answer 11

38ATP

Question 12

Give an example of an induced fit enzyme substrate interaction

Answer 12

Binding of D-glucose to glucokinase

Question 13

What are cofactors?

Answer 13

Non-protein, organic/inorganic molecule or ion essential for catalysis

Question 14

Give an example of a cofactor that is a prosthetic group

Answer 14

Zn2+ ion bound to carboxypeptidase

Question 15

What is an incomplete enzyme without it cofactor called?

Answer 15

Apoenzyme

Question 16

What is an apoenzyme + cofactor called?

Answer 16

Holoenzyme

Question 17

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 17

Small, organic molecule required for catalysis

Question 18

Give 2 examples of coenzymes

Answer 18

CoA

Biotin (CoR)

Question 19

What is a co-substrate?

Answer 19

Organic molecule changed by the course of the reaction, such as NAD+ etc.

Question 20

How much energy is stored in the third bond of ATP?

Answer 20

40.6KJ/mol

Question 21

What is the warburg effect?

Answer 21

Glycolytic swtich: cells swtiches from aerobic to anaerobic