Lecture 13 - Nervous System

Question 1

functions of the nervous system (4)

Answer 1

awareness

coordination and control

memory and learning

establishing patterns of response

Question 2

3 organizations of the nervous system

Answer 2

CNS - central nervous system

PNS - peripheral nervous system

ANS - autonomic nervous system

Question 3

what is associated in the central nervous system

Answer 3

brain & spinal cord

Question 4

what is associated in PNS

Answer 4

cranial nerves & spinal nerves

Question 5

PNS nerves are differed by

Answer 5

motor and sensory nerves

Question 6

spinal nerves come out of

Answer 6

intervertebral foramen of the vertebra

Question 7

sensory =

Answer 7

afferent

coming IN to be processed

Question 8

somatic and visceral in sensory nerves

Answer 8

somatic = bowing ball on your lap, you can feel it

visceral = something inside your body is wrong

Question 9

motor =

Answer 9

efferent

coming out

getting your body to do some type of work

Question 10

somatic and visceral in motor nerves

Answer 10

somatic = skeletal muscles

visceral = smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 11

motor visceral —>

Answer 11

ANS (autonomic nervous system)

Question 12

2 subdivisions of ANS

Answer 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 13

what happens in ANS sympathetic

Answer 13

speeds heart (adrenaline)

fight or flight response

decrease GI tract

Question 14

what happens in ANS parasympathetic

Answer 14

slows heart

controls smooth muscle contractions

involuntary control

REST AND DIGEST

increase GI tract

Question 15

generic neuron consists of (4)

Answer 15

soma (cell body)

dendrites

axon

synaptic terminals

Question 16

what are dendrites in neurons

Answer 16

input from environment or other cells

Question 17

what do axons do in neurons

Answer 17

conduct nerve impulse

Question 18

axons in a nerve are insulated with

Answer 18

myelin sheath

Question 19

axon is ___ a nerve. they are ___ the nerve

Answer 19

NOT

inside

Question 20

what are synaptic terminals in nerves

Answer 20

output to muscle/gland/nerve

Question 21

structural types of neurons

Answer 21

anaxonic

bipolar

unipolar

multipolar

Question 22

what are anaxonic type of neurons

what do they do

Answer 22

send rite and axon look alikes

CNS

brain and ganglia

TALK to other neurons via dendrites

Question 23

what are bipolar types of neurons

Answer 23

soma situated between dendrite and axon

SPECIAL sense

Question 24

what are unipolar types of neurons

Answer 24

soma to one side of axon and dendrite

SENSORY nerves

Question 25

what are multipolar types of neurons

Answer 25

several dendrites and single axon MOTOR nerves

Question 26

what are afferent axons and what do they do

Answer 26

sensory nerves brings sensory information TO CNS from tissues and organs

Question 27

what are efferent axons and what do they do

Answer 27

motor nerves carry motor commands FROM CNS to muscles and glands

Question 28

3 types of sensory receptors

Answer 28

exteroceptors = environment info (touch, temp) proprioceptors = position of muscles and joints (pinch skin and turn it, bend your finger back) interoceptors = internal environment (GI)

Question 29

interneurons in the CNS 1. ___ of these in your body than anything else 2. connects between __ and __ neurons 3. coordinate sensory ___ and motor ___ 4. ___ all other types of neurons

Answer 29

1. more 2. sensory and motor 3. input & output 4. outnumbers

Question 30

nerves have ___ WITHIN them

Answer 30

neurons

Question 31

groupings of myelinated axons (white matter) 1. CNS = 2. PNS =

Answer 31

1. tracts, columns, commissures (pathway) 2. nerves

Question 32

groupings of cells bodies (grey matter) 1. CNS = 2. PNS =

Answer 32

1. nuclei 2. ganglia

Question 33

signal transfer - Synapse 1. chemical gradient passes ___ along the axon 2. neurotransmitter is ___ into synaptic gap 3. chemical signal = 4. pre synaptic membrane = 5. post synaptic membrane =

Answer 33

1. down 2. released 3. neurotransmitter 4. send 5. receive

Question 34

PNS Neuroglia =

Answer 34

cells that support and protect neurons (and fluid balance)

Question 35

2 types of PNS Neuroglia 1. ___ a. surround neuron ___ bodies b. exchange of ___ 2. ____ (myelin) - keeps things from shortening out a. neurilemma = sheath of ___ that surrounds ___ b. aid in ___ of damaged nerves

Answer 35

1. satellite cells a. cell b. nutrients 2. Schwann cells (myelin) a. myelin, axons b. repair

Question 36

CNS neuroglia =

Answer 36

cells that support neurons

Question 37

3 types of CNS Neuroglia 1. ___ (large, numerous) a. wrap around ___ (blood brain barrier) b. maintain ___ fluid balance in neural tissue 2. ___ (medium sized, several) a. __ each axon from other axons b. binds ___ neurons together 3. ___ (janitors) (small with several branches) a. ___ of debris and pathogens

Answer 37

1. astrocytes a. capillaries b. interstitial 2. oligodendrocytes a. insulates b. multiple 3. microglia a. removal

Question 38

connective tissues associated with nerves (PNS) 1. ___ - around axon 2. ___ - bundles several axons into fascicles 3. ___ - bundles several fascicles into a nerve

Answer 38

1. endoneurium 2. perineurium 3. epineurium

Question 39

demyelination pathologies 1. occur in both __ and ___ 2. caused by ___, disease, genetics 3. examples of how you can lose myelinated axons - a. heavy ___ poisoning - b. ___ insult - c. ___ system dysfunction

Answer 39

1. CNS and PNS 2. poisoning 3a. metal 3b. bacterial 3c. immune

Question 40

rabies virus 1. typically carried by ___ animals 2. body-___ transfer (blood, saliva) 3. travels from bite along __ to ___ 4. convulsions, coma, ___

Answer 40

1. carnivorous 2. fluid 3. PNS to CNS 4. death