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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lecture 13 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the nervous system (4)

A

awareness

coordination and control

memory and learning

establishing patterns of response

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2
Q

3 organizations of the nervous system

A

CNS - central nervous system

PNS - peripheral nervous system

ANS - autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

what is associated in the central nervous system

A

brain & spinal cord

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4
Q

what is associated in PNS

A

cranial nerves & spinal nerves

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5
Q

PNS nerves are differed by

A

motor and sensory nerves

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6
Q

spinal nerves come out of

A

intervertebral foramen of the vertebra

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7
Q

sensory =

A

afferent

coming IN to be processed

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8
Q

somatic and visceral in sensory nerves

A

somatic = bowing ball on your lap, you can feel it

visceral = something inside your body is wrong

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9
Q

motor =

A

efferent

coming out

getting your body to do some type of work

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10
Q

somatic and visceral in motor nerves

A

somatic = skeletal muscles

visceral = smooth and cardiac muscle

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11
Q

motor visceral —>

A

ANS (autonomic nervous system)

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12
Q

2 subdivisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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13
Q

what happens in ANS sympathetic

A

speeds heart (adrenaline)

fight or flight response

decrease GI tract

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14
Q

what happens in ANS parasympathetic

A

slows heart

controls smooth muscle contractions

involuntary control

REST AND DIGEST

increase GI tract

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15
Q

generic neuron consists of (4)

A

soma (cell body)

dendrites

axon

synaptic terminals

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16
Q

what are dendrites in neurons

A

input from environment or other cells

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17
Q

what do axons do in neurons

A

conduct nerve impulse

18
Q

axons in a nerve are insulated with

A

myelin sheath

19
Q

axon is ___ a nerve. they are ___ the nerve

A

NOT

inside

20
Q

what are synaptic terminals in nerves

A

output to muscle/gland/nerve

21
Q

structural types of neurons

A

anaxonic

bipolar

unipolar

multipolar

22
Q

what are anaxonic type of neurons

what do they do

A

send rite and axon look alikes

CNS

brain and ganglia

TALK to other neurons via dendrites

23
Q

what are bipolar types of neurons

A

soma situated between dendrite and axon

SPECIAL sense

24
Q

what are unipolar types of neurons

A

soma to one side of axon and dendrite

SENSORY nerves

25
Q

what are multipolar types of neurons

A

several dendrites and single axon

MOTOR nerves

26
Q

what are afferent axons and what do they do

A

sensory nerves

brings sensory information TO CNS from tissues and organs

27
Q

what are efferent axons and what do they do

A

motor nerves

carry motor commands FROM CNS to muscles and glands

28
Q

3 types of sensory receptors

A

exteroceptors = environment info (touch, temp)

proprioceptors = position of muscles and joints (pinch skin and turn it, bend your finger back)

interoceptors = internal environment (GI)

29
Q

interneurons in the CNS

  1. ___ of these in your body than anything else
  2. connects between __ and __ neurons
  3. coordinate sensory ___ and motor ___
  4. ___ all other types of neurons
A
  1. more
  2. sensory and motor
  3. input & output
  4. outnumbers
30
Q

nerves have ___ WITHIN them

A

neurons

31
Q

groupings of myelinated axons (white matter)

  1. CNS =
  2. PNS =
A
  1. tracts, columns, commissures (pathway)
  2. nerves
32
Q

groupings of cells bodies (grey matter)

  1. CNS =
  2. PNS =
A
  1. nuclei
  2. ganglia
33
Q

signal transfer - Synapse

  1. chemical gradient passes ___ along the axon
  2. neurotransmitter is ___ into synaptic gap
  3. chemical signal =
  4. pre synaptic membrane =
  5. post synaptic membrane =
A
  1. down
  2. released
  3. neurotransmitter
  4. send
  5. receive
34
Q

PNS Neuroglia =

A

cells that support and protect neurons (and fluid balance)

35
Q

2 types of PNS Neuroglia

  1. ___

a. surround neuron ___ bodies

b. exchange of ___

  1. ____ (myelin) - keeps things from shortening out

a. neurilemma = sheath of ___ that surrounds ___

b. aid in ___ of damaged nerves

A
  1. satellite cells

a. cell

b. nutrients

  1. Schwann cells (myelin)

a. myelin, axons

b. repair

36
Q

CNS neuroglia =

A

cells that support neurons

37
Q

3 types of CNS Neuroglia

  1. ___ (large, numerous)

a. wrap around ___ (blood brain barrier)

b. maintain ___ fluid balance in neural tissue

  1. ___ (medium sized, several)

a. __ each axon from other axons

b. binds ___ neurons together

  1. ___ (janitors) (small with several branches)

a. ___ of debris and pathogens

A
  1. astrocytes

a. capillaries

b. interstitial

  1. oligodendrocytes

a. insulates

b. multiple

  1. microglia

a. removal

38
Q

connective tissues associated with nerves (PNS)

  1. ___ - around axon
  2. ___ - bundles several axons into fascicles
  3. ___ - bundles several fascicles into a nerve
A
  1. endoneurium
  2. perineurium
  3. epineurium
39
Q

demyelination pathologies

  1. occur in both __ and ___
  2. caused by ___, disease, genetics
  3. examples of how you can lose myelinated axons
  • a. heavy ___ poisoning
  • b. ___ insult
  • c. ___ system dysfunction
A
  1. CNS and PNS
  2. poisoning

3a. metal
3b. bacterial
3c. immune

40
Q

rabies virus

  1. typically carried by ___ animals
  2. body-___ transfer (blood, saliva)
  3. travels from bite along __ to ___
  4. convulsions, coma, ___
A
  1. carnivorous
  2. fluid
  3. PNS to CNS
  4. death

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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