Lecture 19 - Special Senses: Eye

Question 1

what are the 3 tunics of the eye

Answer 1

fibrous

vascular

neural

Question 2

fibrous tunic is the ___ layer

Answer 2

outermost

Question 3

what are associated in the fibrous tunic

Answer 3

sclera and cornea

Question 4

1. sclera = ___
2. attachment site for ___ eye muscles

Answer 4

1. dense connective tissue

white part of the eye

2. extrinsic

Question 5

cornea =

what does it do

Answer 5

transparent bulge on anterior surface

bulge refracts light before it hits lends for us to be able to pass it through to focus

Question 6

areas found in the vascular tunic (6)

Answer 6

choroid coat

ciliary body

iris

anterior cavity

posterior cavity

suspensory ligament

Question 7

vascular tunic = ___ layer

Answer 7

middle

Question 8

1. choroid coat = ___ surface of globe
   a. vascular = helps nourish ___
   b. __ pigmentation absorbed stray light = where light ___

Answer 8

1. inner
   a. retina
   b. black, stops

Question 9

1. ciliary body composed of ___ and ___
2. suspensory ligament of the ___
3. __ muscle

Answer 9

1. muscle and ligaments
2. lens
3. smooth

Question 10

1. iris = ___ portion of the eye
2. muscle contraction controls ___ of pupil which allows light ___
3. separates the anterior cavity into __ and __ chambers

Answer 10

1. colored
2. diameter, in
3. anterior and posterior

Question 11

1. anterior CAVITY has 2 chambers anterior to the ___
2. anterior chamber is anterior to ___
3. posterior chamber is posterior to ___
4. what fills the anterior cavity? ___
   a. produced by the ___ process
   b. returned to blood supply via canal of ___
   c. helps control intra ocular ___

Answer 11

1. lens
2. iris
3. iris
4. aqueous humor
   a. ciliary
   b. Schlemm
   c. pressure

Question 12

in the anterior CAVITY, the posterior and anterior chamber are separated by?

Answer 12

the iris

Question 13

the anterior and posterior CAVITY are separated by

Answer 13

the lens

Question 14

posterior cavity is posterior to __

posture cavity is filled with __

assists sclera in maintaining __ of the eyeball

Answer 14

lens

vitreous humor

shape

Question 15

suspensory ligament

a. composed of __ membranes
b. __ is sandwiched between layers

Answer 15

2

lens

Question 16

glaucoma

1. circulation of ___ is blocked
2. increased ___ -> damage to the __ nerve
   a. __ eyes
3. cornea should bend, if it doesn’t bend it has too much ___ which results in glaucoma
4. you’ll start to lose ___

Answer 16

1. aqueous humor
2. pressure, optic
   a. cloudy
3. pressure
4. vision

Question 17

neural tunic part is the

Answer 17

retina

Question 18

retina has 2 parts

1. posterior __ layer
   a. dark pigmentation absorbs __ light
2. anterior __ layer
   a. containing __ & ___ & ___
   b. contains __ layers

Answer 18

1. pigmented
   a. stray
2. neural
   a. neurons, neuroglia, blood vessels
   b. 9

Question 19

is the eye the nervous system inside out

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

photoreceptor cells contain

Answer 20

rods and cones

Question 21

rods: gray scale = __ light

cones = __ vision

Answer 21

dim

color

Question 22

absence of any ONE type of cone =

Answer 22

color blindness

Question 23

___ (eye) —> ___ (computer) —> ___ (data base)

Answer 23

receptor

brain

limbic

Question 24

does all light reach the receptors in the eye

Answer 24

no. some reach and some dont

Question 25

macula lutea and the fovea centralis 1. center of visual axis = ___ 2. contains high concentration of __ 3. spot of sharpest ___

Answer 25

focal point cones focus

Question 26

1. optic chiasm is the spot where the eye tract ___ 2. left side of left eye goes to __ side of brain 3. middles of eyes go to the __ side of brain a. right side of left eye goes to the __ side of brain

Answer 26

1. crosses over 2. left (later sides go out same side) 3. opposite a. right

Question 27

blind spot 1. point where __ nerve exists the globe 2. point where blood vessels __/__ the globe 3. located very close to and just medial of the ___

Answer 27

1. optic 2. enter/exit 3. fovea

Question 28

retune subsequently appears to be installed ___

Answer 28

backwards

Question 29

clinical implications/mechanical limitations 1. light receptors (___ and ___) point the __ way 2. receptors buried behind __ layers 3. ___ is where axons and blood cellars leave globe 4. result = ___% of the image is lost a. it is __% lighter in this room than what our brains can receive

Answer 29

1. rods and cones 2. 9 3. blind spot 4. 70% a. 70%

Question 30

pineal gland 1. tied to light ___ 2. __ eye 3. ___ rhythms

Answer 30

1. reception 2. 3rd 3. circadian

Question 31

1. iris (CN_?) 2. sympathetic stimulation = __ of pupil (letting __ in) 3. parasympathetic stimulation = ___ of pupil (__) 4. regulates amount of light that passes to ___

Answer 31

1. CN III (3) (oculomotor) 2. dilation (light) 3. contraction (shrinks) 4. retina

Question 32

ciliary muscle (CN III) = (?) 1. complicated circular and radial ___ 2. __ reduces tension on ___ ligament 3. suspensory ligament affects how the lens is __ 4. shape of lens affects where the eye ___ a. shape changes looking close (gets __) b. and far away (gets ___)

Answer 32

oculomotor 1. muscles 2. contraction, suspensory 3. stretched 4. focuses a. fat b. flat

Question 33

are blood vessels present in the lens

Answer 33

no

Question 34

ability to focus on close objects ciliary muscles ___, ligaments __ and lens ___

Answer 34

contract sag bulge

Question 35

ability to focus on far objects ciliary muscles ___, ligaments ___, and lens __

Answer 35

relax tighten thins (flat)

Question 36

myopia =

Answer 36

near sighted

Question 37

hyperopia =

Answer 37

far sighted

Question 38

presbyopia (old man sight) 1. lens proteins become stiffer with __ 2. ability of lens to change ___ slowly 3. can’t focus on __ objects

Answer 38

1. old age 2. shape slowly 3 near

Question 39

cataracts = ___ lens 1. lens becomes ___ 2. focusing becomes patchy across ___

Answer 39

abnormal cloudy retina

Question 40

muscles that control the eyelids 1. levator palpebrae superioris = ___ a. CN __? 2. orbicularis oculi = ___ a. CN __?

Answer 40

1. lifts upper eyelid a. CN III - ocoulotmor 2. closes both eyelids a. CN VII - facial

Question 41

extrinsic eye muscle: lateral rectus CN: Movement:

Answer 41

CN = abducens movement = abduction (move laterally) SO4LR6

Question 42

extrinsic eye muscle: medial rectus CN: Movement:

Answer 42

CN = oculomotor movement = adduction (move medially)

Question 43

extrinsic eye muscle: superior rectus CN: Movement:

Answer 43

cn = oculomotor movement = elevation (upward)

Question 44

extrinsic eye muscle: inferior rectus CN: Movement:

Answer 44

cn = oculomotor movement = depression (downward)

Question 45

extrinsic eye muscle: superior oblique CN: Movement:

Answer 45

cn = trochlear movement = depress/abduction (down and out) SO4LR6

Question 46

extrinsic eye muscle: inferior oblique CN: Movement:

Answer 46

cn = oculomotor movement = elevate/abduction (up and out)

Question 47

NERVES INNERVATE ___ MUSCLES MOVE ___

Answer 47

MUSCLES THINGS

Question 48

accessory structures of the orbit 1. palpebrae = ___ 2. canthi (medial and lateral canthus) = ___ 3. conjunctiva = single cell layer of skin that covers ___ surface of eye a. conjunctivitis = ___ 4. lacrimal gland = superolateral corner of orbit a. secretes __ that bathe conjunctiva and cornea b. nasal passage is humidified by your ___ 5. lacrimal apparatus a. tears are squeezed into ___ with each blink b. tears drain through ___ into ___ 6. trochlea = sling of ___ for superior oblique muscle

Answer 48

1. upper and lower eyelids 2. corners of eyes 3. anterior a. pink eye 4a. tears 4b. eyes 5a. medial canthus 5b. lacrimal puncta into canaliculi 6. connective tissue

Question 49

tear flow 1. lacrimal gland 2. 3. across conjunctiva 4. 5. lacrimal canaliculi 6. 7. nasolacrimal duct 8.

Answer 49

2. lacrimal duct 4. lacrimal puncta 6. lacrimal sac 8. inferior nasal meatus