Lecture 13 - Nucleic acid structure Flashcards
(48 cards)
Information encoded in a DNA molecule is transcribed via
synthesis of an RNA molecule
The sequence of the RNA molecule is “read” and is translated into
the sequence of amino acids in a protein
Nucleic acids are
linear polymers built from similar units connected end to end
Nucleotide
each monomer unit
A single nucleotide consists of
a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four bases
DNA and RNA differ in
the sugar component and in one of the bases
The prefix deoxy indicates that the _____ carbon lacks oxygen
2’
The sugars in nucleic acids are linked to each other by
phosphodiester bridges
Nucleic acid backbone
The chain of sugars linked by phosphodiester bridges
Which groups join to phosphate groups
3’ and 5’ OH groups
Purine bases
adenine and guanine
Pyrimidine bases
cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Which nucleic acid is more prone to hydrolysis?
RNA
A nucleoside is a
base linked to a sugar
A nucleotide is a
base linked to a sugar and phosphate
Nucleoside units in RNA
adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine
Nucleosides in DNA
deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine
Rotation about the ________ gives rise to syn and anti conformations in nucleosides
N-glycosidic bond
In nucleosides, the _____ conformation is generally favored
anti
Nucleoside triphosphates are
nucleosides joined to three phosphoryl groups
Where does the energy come from in ATP?
Energy is released from the cleavage of the triphosphate group
NADH stands for
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH exists in what two forms
NAD+ (oxidized), and NADH (reduced)
ACG indicates that
the unlinked 5’-P group is on A and the unlinked 3’-OH group is on G
